The Sun's radiated energy is an important source in realizing the green technology concept construction. When interacting with the atmosphere and objects on the Earth's surface incoming solar radiation (insolation) will create insolation patterns that are ambiguous and as a result need to be investigated further. This paper explores the insolation pattern and ambiguities against topographic surfaces in the context of direct, diffuse, and reflectance irradiance. The topography is modeled from LiDAR data as Digital Surface Model (DSM) and Digital Terrain Model (DTM). The generated DSM and DTM were converted to Triangular Irregular Network (TIN) format within the Arc GIS environment before the insolation pattern could be visualized. The slope and aspect of the topography has an impact on the insolation which is the emphasis of this paper. The main outcome from the study is the insolation map and plots of relationship between the insolation and surface aspect. The findings from this study should contribute to the sustainable practices of green building technology.
Sustainability of Georgetown as world heritage site is a primary objective and urgent problem to be address by TheState Government in Penang. The aims are to develop Web GIS solution and 3D visualization for sustainability of Georgetown as World Heritage Site. The objective of this research is to study concept and principles sustainable development and to construct the Web GIS solution with 3D visualization of Georgetown. Methodology used to generate 3D building from building footprints that have actual height and produce a virtual 3D city model environment. Through the web based, the users enable to visualize the present and for future of urban development. With the advanced Geographic Information data which were made accessible on the Internet by Web GIS solution technology offered an effective medium for public participation. For Web GIS solution each of building have information about category of building, section, architecture style, road name, building name and building number. This web based also provides or demonstrates the capacity to view, manipulate and distribute geographic data via WWW in an effective, organized user friendly manner. The platform can be used by a public and many agencies to access and acquired geospatial data and information. As the final outcome from Web GIS solution will enable user to interact with GIS data and maps on the Web without have to own GIS software. Planners, architects, urban designers, and land use planners are able to visualize the impact of urban design projects and proposed land use and zoning changes or predict the results of smart growth initiatives towards sustainability of Georgetown as world heritage site.
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