The purpose of this research is to identify the effect of workplace cyberbullying on Generation Z (Gen Z) by constructing a model using specific determinants: demographic factors (gender, race/ethnicity, and education), technology-related factors, and individual factors. The research design of the proposed research is quantitative. A self-administered questionnaire adapted from previous studies will be distributed to respondents (Gen Z) in Selangor. A purposive sampling method will be applied. Data collected will be analyzed through the partial least square (SmartPLS) technique. Then, the findings of this research are expected to specify significant differences between demographic factors and workplace cyberbullying based on gender, race/ethnicity, and education. The finding will also identify the technologyrelated and individual factors driving Gen Z to perpetrate cyberbullying in the workplace. The quantitative method for this research will enable researchers to explore beyond the variables that will be tested. The results are anticipated to assist various parties such as the government to design better models to address workplace cyberbullying issues, develop policy and strategize preventive measures in the long term to become a top morally conservative nation. The research on workplace cyberbullying is inimitably fascinating. A practical framework based on workplace cyberbullying factors among Gen Z will be developed as a guideline and will support the government's effort to increase awareness among youngsters.
The insurance industry's growth has an all-encompassing impact on the economic state of a nation. In the recent era of COVID-19 pandemic, insurance companies experienced a slowdown in the premiums particularly in the life sector. Premium volumes worldwide declined as consumers chose to reduce discretionary expenditure on life insurance policies. Life insurance is one of the ways to provide income protection for the dependents or beneficiaries upon the passing of an insured person, total permanent disability, or maturity of the policy contract. This study therefore takes stock of the recent events in examining the nexus between macroeconomic variables and life insurance demand in Malaysia. The ordinary least square (OLS) methodology is employed using 34 years data spanning from 1988 until 2021. The findings from this study revealed that apart from household savings and the stock market, inflation, income, and unemployment are significant factors in determining the life insurance demand. These empirical findings are expected to contribute to enriching the existing literature and to create awareness of the benefits that life insurance may offer in potential risks transfer to the insurer. From the macroeconomic perspective, the findings may assist policymakers in developing pre-emptive measures to protect life insurance businesses from the negative repercussions of lower market confidence following an economic downturn. An insight into the long-run relationship between the macroeconomic variables and life insurance demand using cointegration techniques is suggested for future researchers.
The expansion of the insurance sector has a profound effect on a country's economy. Insurance companies experienced a slowdown in premiums during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the life sector. Due to consumers' discretionary decision to spend less on life insurance policies, premium volumes decreased globally. One way to provide income protection for dependents or beneficiaries upon the death of an insured person, total permanent disability, or policy contract maturity is through life insurance. This study, therefore, this study considers recent events as it examines the factors that influence the demand for life insurance in Malaysia. The ordinary least square (OLS) method is employed using 34 years of data spanning from 1988 until 2021. The result of VECM showed that Income positively affects demand in the long run, while the other two variables, savings, and unemployment negatively affect demand in the long run. The empirical findings are expected to enrich the existing literature and to create awareness of the benefits that life insurance may offer in potential risks transferred to the insurer. Furthermore, the research findings could also help policymakers create preventative measures to protect life insurance companies from the consequences of diminished market confidence in the slowdown of the business cycle.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the exposure of the specific exchange rate to the sectors due to the changes in the exchange rate regimes. To evaluate the exposure and the consequence of policy change, two models were used. The data was from Malaysian listed firms' stock returns and foreign exchange rates. The secondary data of 128 firms were chosen using the Bloomberg database from Bursa Malaysia. The firm's stock price and exchange rates were collected from January 1990 to July 2010. 20 years data were specifically chosen to obtain the exchange rate regime cycle before, during, and after pegging. The monthly returns and excess returns were computed from the data collected. As a result, the notion that no firms were exposed to the USD during the pegged period is no longer valid. The finance sector showed a significant exposure against the USD. This was probably due to the movement of the MYR against the USD. The exposure to the firms may also have been influenced by the cross-exchange rate of MYR with other currencies.
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