The research investigates effect of IT characteristicsfactors on students' e-learning satisfaction during the period of COVID 19 pandemic lockdown. Selected factors of IT characteristics are IT complexity, IT pace change and IT presenteeism. The study also investigatesmediating role of perceived value as a second order construct comprising of perceived ease of use, perceived behavioural control and perceived usefulness. The data was collected from 470 student sample selected using convenience sampling through online questionnaire in Malaysia during Movement Control Order (lockdown) period when universities moved classes to online learning platforms. The data was then subjected to purification, normality and reliability assessment followed by confirmatory factor analysis, validity assessment and finally structural equation modelling using IBM SPSS AMOS 24.0. The findings show that all three factors have significant impact on e-learning satisfaction. IT complexity has the most prominent impact on e-learning satisfaction among selected variables. In addition, perceived value fully mediates relationship among all three independent variables and learning satisfaction. Implications, limitations and future research avenues are then discussed.
This article attempts to systematically evaluate and synthesise the existing literature in some factors of job changes, how the trade union response to the problem of job changes during uncertain times and outline future research agenda within the domains. This study could demonstrate how the trade union responses to job rearrangement based on diverse combinations of actions and philosophical bearings in these issues from different perspectives. This study also conducted a systematic literature review by relevant criteria from the resource of studies such as Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). It consists of five subsections including search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, eligibility, data abstraction and analysis. Therefore, a systematic search strategy implemented two academic databases, namely Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The keywords in the titles and abstracts were used in the search process including "job change", "job re-engineering", "job redesign", "workplace restructuring", "workplace reorganisation", "job reshuffle" and "trade union". In this study, the results show that there are dimensions of job changes among employees were relevant because the need for improving organisational and some responses trade union towards job changes among employees. The final inclusion was including the selection of sample involving the respond of trade union about job changes during the uncertainties. The present evidence is limited, and numerous research is required on trade union response on changes in job-related domains during uncertain and volatile times.
ABSTRAK Faktor Kecerdasan Emosi (EI) sering dikaitkan dengan gender di tempat kerja. Stereotaip yang sering dikaitkan dengan perempuan adalah kemampuan menguruskan emosi yang lebih baik daripada lelaki. Kajian lepas menunjukkan terdapat banyak penemuan berbeza yang menunjukkan sememangnya gender adalah berbeza secara signifikan dalam EI. Maka, kajian yang dijalankan telah mengenal pasti jika terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan dan pengaruh EI dalam kalangan gender. Teknik persampelan yang digunakan adalah persampelan bertujuan dengan memilih organisasi bertaraf Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC). Sampel kajian terdiri dalam kalangan kakitangan awam di Jabatan Perkhidmatan Komputer Negeri, Sabah. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan Model Kecerdasan Emosi Goleman (2001) sebagai asas untuk memahami EI. Dapatan kajian yang diperoleh dijelaskan secara deskriptif dan dihuraikan secara induktif bagi mengukuhkan kefahaman berkenaan kajian. ABSTRACT Emotional intelligence (EI) often associated with gender at the workplace. The stereotype which has always been associated with women is their ability to manage emotions better than men. Previous studies have shown that there are many different findings that show that gender is significantly different in EI. Therefore, this study was carried out to identify whether gender imposes significant differences and effect of EI. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling by selecting the MSC-rated organization. The research sample consists of civil servants in the State Computer Services Department, Sabah. This study adopts Goleman's Emotional Intelligence Model approach (2001) as the basis for understanding EI. The findings of the research were descriptively described and inductively interpreted to further understand the study conducted.
Diplomacy has always been seen as a state-centric matter that views state as the only actor in international relations. Nevertheless, since the end of the Cold War, this belief has been challenged with the growing role of multinational as well as sub-state entities in international political arena. Malaysia-Australia relations have been shaped with numerous issues and challenges. Despite their bumpy political ties in the past (especially during the prime ministership of dr. Mahathir Mohamad) other spheres of the relationship remained unaffected. As such, a case study is conducted by looking at Sabah-Australia relations in terms of paradiplomatic practices.This research is qualitative in nature. Initial findings indicate that historical imperatives as well as trading interactions are two forms paradiplomatic practice that has contributed to strengthening of Malaysia-Australia relations.
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