Visceral leishmaniasis results in hematological problems such as cytopenias and coagulopathies. This disorder also has morphological effects on the bone marrow. Dyserythropoiesis is one of the most prominent seen with changes like multilobed nuclear cells and the appearance of bridges between nuclei and cytoplasms. Approximately half of the children with leishmaniasis showed dyserythropoietic findings in bone marrow aspirate slides. Because this in endemic regions, physicians of these countries must be alert to correctly diagnose disease and discriminate from other dyserythropoietic disorders.
Background. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury has been considered to have acute and long term deleterious effects on many tissues, including the peripheral nerve. Objectives. In this study, the effects of a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor (etanercept) on peripheral nerve damage and the ultrastructure of the sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle in rats exposed to HI during the neonatal period were examined. Material and Methods. In this study, 45 seven-day-old rats were used and they were divided into three groups. The right carotid arteries of the rats in the saline and etanercept groups were ligated and put in a hypoxia chamber containing 8% oxygen for two hours. Just after hypoxia, the etanercept group was given 10 mg/kg etanercept, but the saline group had only saline intraperitoneally. The sham group rats' carotid arteries were not ligated or put in hypoxia. The amplitude, area and latency of sciatic nerve compound motor action potential (CMAP), which mainly reflects axonopathy and myelinopathy, were measured using standard techniques in the seventeenth week following the HI. Sciatic nerve and gastrocnemius muscle were evaluated with a transmission electron microscope, and grading for myelin sheath damage was done to all groups. Results. Neuropathy was seen in rats after HI. While treatment with etanercept showed a protective effect for the axons of sciatic nerve, demyelination could not be recovered with etanercept. Conclusions. This study is the first in literature to show a partial interruption of the signal through the peripheral nerve fibers caused by axonal and myelin dysfunction continuation in rats exposed to HI after birth, in the 17
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.