Background:Abnormal brain development due to neurodevelopmental disorders in children has always been an important concern, but yet has to be considered as a significant public health problem, especially in the low- and middle-income countries including Nigeria.Aims:The aim of this study is to determine whether abnormal brain development in the form of neurodevelopmental disorders causes any deviation in the cranial index of affected children.Materials and Methods:This is a comparative study on the head length, head width, and cranial index of 112 children (72 males and 40 females) diagnosed with at least one abnormal problem in brain development, in the form of a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD), in comparison with that of 218 normal growing children without any form of NDD (121 males and 97 females), aged 0-18 years old seen at the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, over a period of six months, June to December, 2012. The head length and head width of the children was measured using standard anatomical landmarks and cranial index calculated. The data obtained was entered into the Microsoft excel worksheet and analyzed using SPSS version 17.Results:The mean Cephalic Index for normal growing children with normal brain development was 79.82 ± 3.35 and that of the children with abnormal brain development was 77.78 ± 2.95 and the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).Conclusion:It can be deduced from this present study that the cranial index does not change in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Alternative approaches to sex determination of DNA samples involve investigation of regions of the amelogenin gene. This is the gene that encodes tooth enamel and is present on both the X and Y chromosomes. A review composed via Medline Internet search of literature and contributions from our experiences as well as experiences from colleagues. The rareness of failures in sex determination provides confidence in current techniques, but amelogenin gene method (singly) of sex determination is not without failures. Amelogenin PCR method/system of sex determination should not, at the moment, completely replace traditional methods of sex identification. Hence, sex identification with amelogenin gene, of subjects for forensic purposes should be conducted as much as possible through a multiple morphological-molecular combined methods to avoid fallibility of amelogenin gene.
Purpose:Extraction and successful PCR amplification of DNA from humanremains in historical and forensic cases have great importance. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficiency of a method of DNA extraction and PCR amplification of embalmed dried human cadaveric skeletal fragments and teeth specimens from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The efficiency of a method of DNA extraction and PCR amplification was tested on thirteen (13) embalmed dried human cadaveric skeletal fragments and nine (9) teeth specimens from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria were used in the study. Results: Of the 13 embalmed dried human cadaveric skeletal fragments, 12 (92.3%) samples amplified with apparent bands. For the 9 embalmed dried human teeth specimens, 7 (78%) samples amplified with apparent bands. Conclusion: The study has shown that our method of DNA extraction and PCR amplification was efficient on embalmed dried human cadaveric skeletal fragments and teeth specimens, from Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria.
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