Objective This paper aims to examine the extent of the personal representative's duties and liabilities in dealing with shares on the death of a shareholder. The paper also analyses the procedure to administer the shares and the available options to the estate beneficiaries with regard to their entitlements to the shares. Methodology/Technique The discussion adopts the doctrinal analysis by examining the existing primary and secondary materials, including statutory provisions as provided by the Probate and Administration Act 1959 and the Companies Act 1965, case law and other legal and non-legal literatures relating to the duties and liabilities of the personal representative in dealing with the deceased's shares. Findings The discussion adopts the doctrinal analysis by examining the existing primary and secondary materials, including statutory provisions as provided by the Probate and Administration Act 1959 and the Companies Act 1965, case law and other legal and non-legal literatures relating to the duties and liabilities of the personal representative in dealing with the deceased's shares. Type of Paper: Review Keywords: Shareholder's Death, Shares, Estate Distribution, Personal Representative, Malaysian Law.
Akta dan enakmen undang-undang keluarga Islam negeri-negeri mengiktiraf perkahwinan antara lelaki Islam dan perempuan kitabiyah. Kitabiyah dan ahl al-Kitab digunakan secara bergantian dan telah dihuraikan sebagai seorang perempuan yang beriman kepada agama samawi dan memiliki Kitab suci, iaitu, Yahudi dan Kristian. Dalam kes Johan bin Abdul Walked Shaik v Runa Bangoe Olsen, mahkamah syariah mendapati bahawa perkahwinan yang dilangsungkan di Australia antara seorang lelaki Islam dan seorang perempuan Kristian adalah sah mengikut hukum syarak. Kes ini menggambarkan tafsiran istilah kitabiyah yang diterima pakai oleh mahkamah syariah di Malaysia untuk perkahwinan yang didaftarkan di bawah enakmen undang-undang keluarga Islam di Malaysia. Selanjutnya, isu kitabiyah terpakai dalam situasi di mana suami memeluk agama Islam dan isteri masih seorang Yahudi atau Kristian. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan mengkaji isu kitabiyah dalam perkahwinan, penukaran agama suami yang bukan Islam kepada Islam dan implikasinya terhadap hak di bawah undang-undang keluarga atau pewarisan. Makalah ini juga akan mengkaji pendekatan dan cabaran praktikal terutamanya mengenai konsep perkahwinan antara agama. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis doktrin dengan meneliti sumber primer dan sekunder termasuk peruntukan undang-undang sama ada enakmen undang-undang keluarga Islam negeri, pendapat para fuqaha, kes-kes yang telah diputuskan dan lain-lain literatur undang-undang dan sebaliknya dari perspektif Islam dan Malaysia. Adalah dicadangkan bahawa tafsiran kitabiyah yang intensif diperlukan di Malaysia untuk memastikan pelaksanaannya tidak terlalu longgar dan ke arah mengiktiraf perkahwinan antara agama. Pada masa yang sama, tidak menutup ruang kepada para hakim berijtihad untuk memutuskan perkara yang berkaitan dengannya.
Issues relating to the complexities of unclaimed estates have become a national concern and a major recurring problem as the value of such estates is growing annually. However, despite the constant reports on the increasing value of unclaimed estates, it is very unfortunate that the exact types of unclaimed estates remain hitherto uncertain and not specifically identified. Hence, this paper aims to examine the peculiarities of unclaimed estates in the administration of the deceased’s estate in Malaysia. The main focus is to analyses the position of the unclaimed money, the undistributed fund and the case of bona vacantia for the estate of a person dying intestate and leaving no heir to inherit accordingly. The discussion adopts the doctrinal analysis by examining the existing primary and secondary materials including statutory provisions, case law and other legal and non-legal literatures. The paper finds that the existence of various laws that governs different types of unclaimed estates has led to the distinctive methods in the administration and management of such estates. Hence, it is highly important that these types of estates together with legal and procedural mechanisms relating to the administration of such estates are clearly identified so that productive elements of such estates would be activated to the advantage of the rightful beneficiaries.
Objective - This paper aims to examine the rights and legal position on maintenance of parents in Malaysia, and further to determine whether there is a need to enact laws to enforce children to care and provide maintenance for their aging and/ or disabled parents. Methodology/Technique - Research methodologies applied are a legal analysis of the primary and secondary materials and comparative study. Analysis of the data will be done via examining the existing materials including statutory provisions, case law and other legal and non-legal literatures relating to the law of maintenance. In discussing on the need to legislate such law, this study will look at Singapore and India which have enacted legislation governing maintenance of parents. Findings - The analysis reveals thatthere is no substantive law in Malaysia which imposes upon the children the responsibility to maintain the aged and incapacitated parents. Therefore, serious consideration should be given to obligate the children to maintain and provide financial support to their aged and elderly parents. Novelty - This paper highlights the need for legislative reform in enforcing children to care and provide maintenance for their aged and/or disabled parents; whilst prior studies mainly emphasis the matter from social perspective. Type of Paper: Review Keywords : Maintenance of parents; financial support; children; civil and Shariah law
The Covid-19 pandemic causes chaotic situations globally. Many cities around the world are facing improved better fresh air and experiencing cooler weather due to reduced carbon emission which normally raises temperatures. The environment, as a whole, experience the same. In this paper, the author's emphasis on the visibility, the effects of the pandemic on wetlands globally. There are a few aspects that will be looked at, for example to wetlands effect specifically, to the wildlife, to humans or wetlands, and the effect on the environment generally. This is a conceptual paper. The data collected are from the internet and books and also from some observations. This study adopted a doctrinal analysis, where legal research forms as part of analytical study of existing laws, related cases, and authoritative materials as a whole, on some specific matter. It works as knowledge-building research in the legal field. For example, the Ganga River in India is so clean that reports suggest that it is fit for drinking. The Yamuna River is showing improved water quality and quantity. This is the first time in years that its surface is not covered in plastic and froth, but reflects the sky and scenic beauty around. Wetlands are the most vulnerable ecosystems, including freshwater rivers, lakes, paddies, marshes and peatlands, and saltwater estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, and lagoons. 87% of the wetlands globally were lost over the past 300 years. They provide an estimated $47 trillion worth of services annually and a livelihood for one billion people. The issue is on the Covid-19 pandemic and how seriously it effects the livelihood of all species including humans in wetlands areas.
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