In recent decades, the enhancement of the properties of electrolytes and electrodes resulted in the development of efficient electrochemical energy storage devices. We herein reported the impact of the different polymer electrolytes in terms of physicochemical, thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Since LIBs use many groups of electrolytes, such as liquid electrolytes, quasi-solid electrolytes, and solid electrolytes, the efficiency of the full device relies on the type of electrolyte used. A good electrolyte is the one that, when used in Li-ion batteries, exhibits high Li+ diffusion between electrodes, the lowest resistance during cycling at the interfaces, a high capacity of retention, a very good cycle-life, high thermal stability, high specific capacitance, and high energy density. The impact of various polymer electrolytes and their components has been reported in this work, which helps to understand their effect on battery performance. Although, single-electrolyte material cannot be sufficient to fulfill the requirements of a good LIB. This review is aimed to lead toward an appropriate choice of polymer electrolyte for LIBs.
In this work, solid flexible polymer blend electrolytes (PBE) composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) with different amounts of sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) salt mixed in double-distilled water (solvent) are prepared via solution casting method. The obtained films are characterized using several techniques. The study of the surface morphology of the polymer blend salt complex films via the POM technique reveals the presence of amorphous regions due to the NaSCN effect. FTIR spectra studies confirm the complex formation between PVA, PVP, and NaSCN. The addition of 20 wt% NaSCN salt in the composition PVA: PVP (50:50 wt%) polymer blend matrix leads to an increase in the number of charge carriers and thus improves the ionic conductivity. The ionic conductivity of each polymer blend electrolyte was studied using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of 8.1 × 10−5 S/cm S cm−1 is obtained for the composition of PVA: PVP (50:50 wt%) with 20 wt% NaSCN. LSV test shows the optimized ion-conducting polymer blend electrolyte is electrochemically stable up to 1.5 V. TNM analysis reveals that 99% of ions contribute for the conductivity against 1% of electrons only in the highly conductive polymer electrolyte PVA: PVP (50:50 wt%) + 20 wt% NaSCN. A supercapacitor device was fabricated using the optimized ion-conducting polymer blend film and graphene oxide (GO) coated electrodes. The GCD curve clearly reveals the behavior of an ideal capacitor with less Faradic process and low ESR value. The columbic efficiency of the GO-based system is found to be 100%, the GO-based electrode exhibits a specific capacitance of 12.15 F/g and the system delivers the charge for a long duration. The specific capacitance of the solid-state supercapacitor cell was found to be 13.28 F/g via the CV approach close to 14.25 F/g obtained with EIS data at low frequency.
This paper aimed to investigate the temperature effect on photovoltaic (PV) cell parameters. The PV cell parameters such as series and parallel resistances, diode ideality factor, and diode saturation current, are not considered in the reported stepwise modeling. The present work aims to improve available models used in the modeling and simulation of PV modules to support the researcher and power project developer. All the required temperature-dependent parameters are determined to model the simulated PV module with high accuracy using Simulink/MATLAB software. To validate the method, a 36-cell-50W solar panel with different radii of curvature is set up to assess solar power outputs under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. For the present application, the Tabuk region (Saudi Arabia) is chosen based on its location and climatic conditions. The method provided conformity to the measured power outputs for varying Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) and temperature conditions. The maximum power output of the PV module increases from 14.4 W to 25.8 W when the received solar power density varies from 307 W/m2 to 526 W/m2 depending on the level of curvature starting from a semi-cylindrical shape to a vaulted shape to a flat shape. The curved PV module shows slightly higher power variation with temperature as compared to the flat one. Above 25°C, the power output is about 20% less at a maximum temperature of 65°C. When the temperature drops below 25°C, the power outputs increase about 6% and 11.5% for corresponding temperatures of 15°C and 5°C, respectively.
In this work, new plasticized solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are developed using MC (methylcellulose) as a polymer host, and sodium iodide (NaI) as a dopant via the solution casting method. Ethyl carbonate (EC) is used as a plasticizing agent to improve the properties of the SPEs. Polarized optical microscopy analysis reveals that the surface morphology of the MC‐NaI‐EC films contained porous amorphous regions owing to the presence of EC. The complex formation between MC, NaI, and EC is confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectra. The addition of EC in the MC‐NaI polymer salt matrix enhances the electrochemical properties of the prepared films. The highest ionic conductivity of 5.06×10−3 S/cm is achieved for the composition: MC+50 wt. % NaI +10 wt. % EC. The linear sweep voltammetry test reveals that the optimal plasticized‐SPE can withstand up to 2.5 V. The ionic transference number analysis reveals that 99% of ions contribute to the total conductivity. The optimized SPE film and graphene oxide‐based electrodes are used to manufacture a solid‐state electrical double‐layer capacitor. The coulomb efficiency of the supercapacitor cell is 100%, and the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is found to be 18.56 F/g utilizing impedance data at low frequency.
Lithium-ion batteries have transformed our lives and are now found in everything from mobile phones to laptop computers and electric cars. In lithium-ion batteries, an adequate electrolyte was developed using a winding process nearly related to the progress of electrode chemistries. In this technology, a metal oxide is a cathode, and porous carbon is the anode. The electrochemical interaction of anode material with lithium could produce an intercalation product, which could form the basis of a revolutionary battery system. Structural retention causes this reaction to proceed quickly and with a high degree of reversibility at room temperature. Titanium disulfide is one of the latest solid cathode materials. In this review, the history of intercalation electrodes, electrolytes, and basic principles related to batteries based on intercalation processes and their effect on battery performance is reported.
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