No abstract

Objective We determined the prevalence of poor glycemic control and associations with sociodemographics, comorbid conditions, and medication adherence among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at a tertiary hospital in southwestern Nigeria. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study among 300 patients with T2DM using systematic random sampling. We used a semi-structured questionnaire to collect information on respondents’ sociodemographic profile, lifestyle, comorbid conditions, and antidiabetic medications. Adherence was determined using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Fasting blood samples were tested using a glycated hemoglobin marker. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with poor glycemic control. Results Respondents’ mean age was 61.9 ± 11.8 years. The prevalence of poor glycemic control was 40.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.4%–45.8%). The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) for factors associated with poor glycemic control was 2.522 (1.402–4.647) for older age, 1.882 (1.021–3.467) for low income, 1.734 (1.013–3.401) for obesity, 2.014 (1.269–5.336) for non-initiation of insulin therapy, and 1.830 (1.045–3.206) for poor medication adherence. Conclusion Older age, lower income, obesity, non-initiation of insulin, and poor medication adherence were associated with poor glycemic control. These variables may help clinicians identify patients at high risk of poor glycemic control.

Purpose. The usage of LLITNs in malaria vector control has resulted in the reduction in malaria deaths among higher-risk groups (pregnant women and under-fives). However, there exists asymptomatic infection among older children, thereby making them a reservoir of malaria transmission. This study aimed at assessing the impact of LLITN usage on malaria prevalence among school-age children (SAC) in Ekiti, South Western Nigeria. Methods. Cross-sectional, two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from SAC during May and June 2017. A total of 1313 (Oye LGA: 657 and Ikole LGA: 656) SAC in selected public primary schools participated in the study. Sociodemographic information as well as data on LLITN usage the previous night was obtained using pretested, semistructured questionnaires adapted from the standardized Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS) tools. Malaria infection was diagnosed by using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) on blood samples that were collected by finger prick from each child. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows software version 26 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results. Usage of LLITNs among SAC was significantly higher in Ikole LGA than in Oye p < 0.001 . Socioeconomic factors (access to electricity, mother’s occupation, and household size) showed significant associations with LLITN usage p < 0.001 in both Oye and Ikole LGAs. Malaria prevalence was significantly low among SAC utilizing LLITNs in both Oye and Ikole LGAs p < 0.001 . There was a significant association between gender and malaria prevalence among SAC with males having higher prevalence than females p < 0.001 . Socioeconomic factors were significantly associated with malaria prevalence in both LGAs p < 0.001 . Conclusion. The usage of LLITNs caused a significant reduction in malaria prevalence among the school-age children in the study areas; hence, sensitization on usage should be scaled up towards malaria elimination.

Objectives: The study determined the prevalence of malaria infection and its association with socio-demographics, environmental, housing, and co-morbid ailment factors. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional of 330 consented adult febrile patients who were recruited at a tertiary health facility in rural Southwestern Nigeria. The standardized interviewer-administered questionnaire sought information on their socio-demographics, environmental, housing, and co-morbid ailment factors. Venous blood samples were collected and processed for malaria parasite detection, retroviral screening, glycated hemoglobin, and hemoglobinopathy. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The strength of the association between independent and dependent variables was measured using odds ratio and 95% confidence interval with a significant level ( p value <0.05). Results: The prevalence of malaria parasitemia was 63.3% (95% confidence interval: 57.9%–68.5%). Being a farmer ( p = 0.002), lack of formal education ( p = 0.043), low-income earners ( p = 0.031), presence of bushes ( p = 0.048), stagnant water ( p = 0.042), not sleeping under long-lasting insecticide-treated nets ( p < 0.001), and sickle cell disease ( p = 0.041) were significantly associated with malaria infection. Conclusion: The study revealed that there is a high prevalence of malaria infection in rural Southwestern Nigeria. There may be a need to pay greater attention to adult populations in rural areas for malaria intervention and control programs.

Background: National surveys indicate that among countries in Africa where malaria is endemic, Nigeria alone accounts for 21% of pregnancies that are unprotected from malaria. This study aimed to ascertain the extent of utilization and effectiveness of malaria prevention methods, found out the existing relationship between maternal parasitaemia and the effectiveness of these methods at (p<0.05) level of signicance.Methods: The study was a cross sectional survey involving 264 consenting pregnant women who were recruited at booking clinic at Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido -Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on their socio-demographic characteristics, mode and extent of utilization of malaria prevention methods and their effectiveness. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for malaria parasitaemia using the microscopy. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 Results:The malaria prevention methods most commonly reported as being effective were the Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs), Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) or both, which were utilized by 97(36.5%), 79 (30.0%) and 88 (33.4%) participants respectively. Eight (8.3%), 9 (10.8%), and 7 (7.9%) of the participants that used ITNs, IRS or both combination respectively tested positive for malaria parasitaemia. There was a statistically signicant association between maternal parasitaemia and malaria prevention methods using ITNs (p=0.001), IRS (p = 0.001) or both (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The most commonly adopted malaria prevention methods were ITNs, Indoor Residual Spray or both. Despite their protective effectiveness, their utilizations are still poor. Information and communication strategies by the stakeholders are suggested to improve the utilization of these methods as adopted by other countries.