Relationship between the Usage of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (LLITNs) and Malaria Prevalence among School-Age Children in Southwestern Nigeria

Omonijo, Adejumoke Oluwatosin; Omonijo, Adetunji; Okoh, Hilary I.; Ibrahim, Azeez Oyemomi

doi:10.1155/2021/8821397

Cited by 12 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We observed that those who own or used bed nets were less likely to be infected with malaria. The current nding is in agreement with several other studies which also observed signi cantly lower malaria prevalence among participants who used bed nets [44,45,46]. Even though we found that ownership of bed nets was associated with lower infection, an earlier study had reported that ITN campaigns which often lead to increased ownership do not reduce malaria prevalence over time since utilization turn to decrease with years of ownership [19].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting bed net ownership, usage, and malaria transmission among adult patients seeking healthcare in two Ghanaian urban cities

Paintsil

Boadi

Dwamena

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The most cost-effective malaria prevention and control strategy is the use of a bed net. However, several factors affect the ownership and usage of bed nets among the adult population. Hence, this study aimed to examine socio-demographic factors affecting bed net ownership, usage and malaria transmission among adult patients seeking healthcare in two Ghanaian urban cities. Structured questionnaires were administered to a total of 550 participants to ascertain their ownership and usage of the bed nets. Afterwards, finger prick blood samples were collected for malaria microscopy. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% CIs were calculated, using Poisson regression with robust standard errors, to show associated variables in bivariate and multivariate analyses respectively. About 53.3% (n = 293) of participants owned a bed net but only 21.5% (n = 118) slept under it the previous night. Those married were 2.0 (95% CI: 1.7–2.5) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.6–3.5) times more likely to own and use a bed net respectively than those never married. Also, pregnant women were 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1–1.6) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.3–2.5) times more likely to own and use a bed net respectively than non-pregnant. Even though income levels were not associated with bed net ownership and usage, students were 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2–0.6) and 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1–0.5) times less likely to own and use bed net respectively compared to formally employed persons. The overall malaria prevalence rate was 7.8%. Malaria-negative patients were 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.0) and 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4–4.1) times more likely to own and use bed nets respectively than malaria positive. Patients with tertiary education recorded the lowest malaria prevalence (3.5%, n = 4). None of those with a monthly income >$300 recorded a case of malaria. On the contrary, majority 83%, n/N = 25/30) of the malaria-positive patients earned ≤ $150. Hence, in designing malaria control programmes for the urban adult populations, income, occupation, educational and marital status should be considered in order to improve bed net usage and decrease malaria prevalence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting bed net ownership, usage, and malaria transmission among adult patients seeking healthcare in two Ghanaian urban cities

Paintsil

Boadi

Dwamena

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similarly, Bogale et al 19 found that self-medication with antibiotics was significantly related to participants' educational status and financial income in Addis Abeba. In this study, having an Insecticide-Treated bed Net (ITN) at home protects against self-treatment of febrile childhood illnesses, which is consistent with a recent report by Omonijo et al 33 in Ekiti, south-west Nigeria, that ITN use resulted in a significant reduction in childhood malaria fever. Pryce et al 34 recently confirmed that ITN reduces uncomplicated malaria fever episodes and child mortality in a Cochrane review of 23 trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Incidence, pattern and determinants of self-medication for fevers in children: A survey of caregivers in an emergency unit in Benin City, Nigeria

Abiodun

Ayinboumwan²

2022

Ann Clin Biomed Res

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Self-medication is common in medically underserved areas, with disastrous consequences. It is necessary to determine the frequency and risk factors in our area. The purpose of this study was to find out the frequency, pattern, and risk factors for self-medication for febrile childhood illnesses among caregivers seen in the emergency paediatric unit. A descriptive, cross-sectional design was used for this study. Participants included caregivers for children seen in the unit. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which included sections on demography, determinants, pattern, and reasons for self-medication, as well as actual reports of self-medication in the previous three weeks. In order to identify risk factors for self-medication, inferential analyses were performed. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The study included 153 caregivers, with an average (SD) age of 45.6 (13.8) years. Self-medication for fevers in children was 25.5%, with 20 (51.3%) of the children treated being under the age of five. Antipyretics (20.3%) and antimalarials (13.7%), particularly artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), were the most commonly used drugs. Place of residence (p= 0.011), living arrangement (p= 0.030), and awareness of an adverse drug event (p= 0.045) are factors that influence self-medication in the previous three weeks. Having health insurance, NHIS (OR = 2.734, 95% CI: 1.120-6.678; p=0.027), and using an insecticide-treated net (OR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.117-0.634; p=0.003) are also independent predictors of self-medication. With multifactorial determinants in the setting, self-medication is common. There is a need for increased access to subsidized healthcare for children, as well as caregiver education on the potential harms of self-medication.

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“…The signi cant association of gender with increased risk of infection in these speci c targeted high-risk populations is seemingly context-speci c and likely dependent on differential exposure. Data demonstrated that males in these target groups were at higher risk of malaria infection than females and similar ndings have previously been reported (20)(21)(22)(23). Males are likely to be more exposed to local malaria vectors due to behaviors including farming and forest activities, working with the upper body uncovered, and staying outside late at night with no bed net protection (21,(24)(25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

An active and targeted survey reveals asymptomatic malaria infections among high-risk populations in Mondulkiri, Cambodia

Doum¹,

Mclver

Hustedt³

et al. 2023

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Background Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that is one of the most serious public health issues globally and a leading cause of mortality in many developing countries worldwide. Knowing the prevalence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria on a subnational scale allows for the estimation of the burden of parasitemia present in the transmission system, enabling targeting and tailoring of resources towards greater impact and better use of available capacity. This study aimed to determine the PCR-based point prevalence of malaria infection, by parasite species, among three high risk populations in Mondulkiri province, Cambodia: forest rangers, forest dwellers, and forest goers. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed during the transmission season in November and December 2021. Blood samples collected on filter paper from participants (n = 1,301) from all target groups were screened for Plasmodium spp. using PCR. Results Malaria prevalence among all study participants was 6.7% for any Plasmodium species. Malaria prevalence in the forest ranger group (8.1%) was higher than that seen in forest goer (6.8%) and forest dweller (6.4%) groups; all infections were asymptomatic. Plasmodium vivax was detected in all participant groups, while the few P. falciparum infections were found in goers and dwellers. 81% of all infections were due to Plasmodium vivax, 9% were due to P. falciparum, 3% due to Plasmodium cynomolgi, and the rest (7%) remained undefined. Gender was associated with malaria infection prevalence, with male participants having higher odds of malaria infection than female participants. Passively collected malaria incidence data from the Cambodian government were also investigated. Health facility-reported malaria cases, based on rapid diagnostic tests, for the period Jan-Dec 2021 were 521 Plasmodium vivax (0.89% prevalence), 34 P. falciparum (0.06%) and four P. falciparum + mixed (0.01%) – a total of 559 cases (0.95%) for all of Mondulkiri. Conclusion This reservoir of asymptomatic parasitemia may be perpetuating low levels of transmission, and thus, new strategies are required to realize the goal of eliminating malaria in Cambodia by 2025.

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Relationship between the Usage of Long-Lasting Insecticide-Treated Bed Nets (LLITNs) and Malaria Prevalence among School-Age Children in Southwestern Nigeria

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting bed net ownership, usage, and malaria transmission among adult patients seeking healthcare in two Ghanaian urban cities

Demographic and socio-economic factors affecting bed net ownership, usage, and malaria transmission among adult patients seeking healthcare in two Ghanaian urban cities

Incidence, pattern and determinants of self-medication for fevers in children: A survey of caregivers in an emergency unit in Benin City, Nigeria

An active and targeted survey reveals asymptomatic malaria infections among high-risk populations in Mondulkiri, Cambodia

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