Q-Switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) can be used in treating atrophic facial scars of acne vulgaris.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is an important contributing factor in females with resistant acne vulgaris.

Bartonella bacilliformis (B. bacilliformis), Bartonella henselae (B. henselae), and Bartonella quintana (B. quintana) are bacteria known to cause verruga peruana or bacillary angiomatosis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent cutaneous lesions in humans. Given the bacteria’s association with the dermal niche and clinical suspicion of occult infection by a dermatologist, we determined if patients with melanoma had evidence of Bartonella spp. infection. Within a one-month period, eight patients previously diagnosed with melanoma volunteered to be tested for evidence of Bartonella spp. exposure/infection. Subsequently, confocal immunohistochemistry and PCR for Bartonella spp. were used to study melanoma tissues from two patients. Blood from seven of the eight patients was either seroreactive, PCR positive, or positive by both modalities for Bartonella spp. exposure. Subsequently, Bartonella organisms that co-localized with VEGFC immunoreactivity were visualized using multi-immunostaining confocal microscopy of thick skin sections from two patients. Using a co-culture model, B. henselae was observed to enter melanoma cell cytoplasm and resulted in increased vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) production. Findings from this small number of patients support the need for future investigations to determine the extent to which Bartonella spp. are a component of the melanoma pathobiome.

• Single or multiple filiform lesions of approximately 2 mm in width and 5 mm in length occurring elsewhere on the body. • Large, pedunculated tumor or nevoid, baglike, soft fibromas that occur on the lower part of the trunk [7]. The most common site of skin tag is on the sides of the neck, where they may be mixed with typical small, sessile, seborrheic keratoses [1]. They are also seen frequently in the axillae, eyelids, and less often on the trunk and groins, where the soft pedunculated growths often hang on thin stalks [2], perianal skin are also frequently involved [2,8] and this has now been named infantile perianal pyramidal protrusions. This occurs in young children usually girls, in the midline anterior to the anus. This reduces with time and no treatment is necessary [2]. Skin tag may occur at unusual sites of the body. A huge skin tags have been described on the penis [9]. A lymphedematous skin tag of the glans penis unassociated with condom catheter use also has been described [6]. Skin tags of the oral mucosa, anus, and vulvovaginal areas may be found [7]. Skin tags are usually asymptomatic, but on occasion can become painful secondary to irritation or torsion and infarction [5]. Patients may complain of pruritus or discomfort when an acrochordon is Synonyms: Soft warts, achrochordon[1], cutaneous tag, papilloma colli, fibroma pendulum, cutaneous papilloma, fibroma molluscum, templeton skin tags [2], fibroepithelial polyps, pedunculated soft fibromas, filiform soft fibromas [3]. Definition: Skin tags are common benign connective tissue tumors of the dermis [4], composed of loose fibrous tissue [1], and presents as a soft skin colored to slightly hyperpigmented pedunculated papule [5]. These flesh-colored tumors are often raised from the surface of the skin on a fleshy stalk called a peduncle, and feel like small bags. Skin tags may be single or multiple and are typically the size of a grain of rice [2,6], but they may range in size from 1-2 mm papules on the eyelids to 1-2 cm baggy polyps on the trunk [5]. The surface of a skin tag may be smooth or irregular in appearance [6]. Three types of skin tags have been described: • Small, furrowed papules of approximately 1-2 mm in width and height, located mostly on the neck and the axillae.