This paper presents the usage of water hyacinth as the base material of activated carbon or biocarbon, using carbonization temperature 500 o C, 600 o C, 700 o C, 800 o C, 900 o C, and 1000 o C. The SEM results show that the pore structure of the biocarbon is shaped like a coral, the higher the temperature the more open pores and the smaller the diameter, with about 2μm at 1000 o C. The XRD results show that the carbonization temperature affects the percentage of the carbon crystal of the biocarbon formed, the higher the temperature the percentage increases by reaching 14% at 1000 o C, the carbon crystals are rhombohedral and graphite-like. The structure of the pores and the percentage of the carbon crystal has the effect of the value of electrical conductivity, the higher the temperature resulting in an increase in the value of the composite electrical conductivity, the water hyacinth biocarbon composite has a range of electrical conductivity values ranging from 2,697 × 10 -6 S / cm (500 o C) to 1,767 × 10 -2 S / cm (1000 o C) is included in a suitable conductive composite applied to the sensor and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) Shielding.
Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) or radar absorbing materials of radar electromagnetic waves are materials used to reduce or eliminate radiation of radar electromagnetic waves in order to avoid reflection of waves. At this time the development of RAM research leads to materials derived from nature. Some materials derived from nature that has been used as RAM such as rice husk, bamboo, coconut shell, coconut husk, wood fiber and wood flour. In this study, eichornia crassipe is made into biocarbon or activated carbon for use as a base material for RAM. Carbonization is one way to transform water hyacinth into biocarbon or activated carbon. The method used in this research is Experimental Research. The independent variables of this research are carbonization temperature starting from temperature 500 o C, 600 o C, 700 o C, 800 o C, 900 o C and 1000 o C. The results showed that the higher the carbonization temperature, the more open pores will be with 2 μm diameter at 1000 o C, and the higher the carbonization temperature than the percentage of carbon crystal formed higher with the value of 14% at temperatures 900 o C and 1000 o C. The biocarbon structure of eichornia crassipe is crystalline and amorphous making it suitable for use as RAM material.
The need to increase the ability of water hyacinth composites as EMI radar protection is related to the carbonization process of organic materials. This research aimed to determine the effect of water hyacinth carbonization temperature on the effectiveness of fabrication and EMI shielding radar. The research method includes the preparations such as cutting, washing, and drying the water hyacinth. The drying process is carried out using an oven with a temperature of 70 °C for 4 days. Then the water hyacinth is mashed until it reaches the 80 mesh size. Then the carbonization process is carried out, with variations in carbonization temperature ranging from 500 °C, 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, 900 °C and 1,000 °C, with a heat increase speed of 3 °C/minutes. After reaching the specified temperature, a holding time is then carried out for 1 hour. Furthermore, the composite composition of 30 % water hyacinth activated carbon powder and 70 % phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was molded using a hot press with a pressure of 300 kg/cm2 at 180 °C for 10 minutes. The results showed that the water hyacinth composite could be used as an EMI protection material at the X-Band frequency (8–12.5 GHz). Where the electrical conductivity and EMI SE increases with increasing carbonization temperature. Water hyacinth composites at a carbonization temperature of 1,000 °C showed the highest electrical conductivity and the highest EMI SE, respectively 4.64∙10-2 S/cm and 41.15 dB (attenuation 99.99 %) at a frequency of 8 GHz. The high absorption contribution is associated with the synergy combination of KCl and the pore structure of the goitre. KCl contributes to the magnetic properties and pore structure with high electrical conductivity values
A room with too humid conditions can cause mold and bacteria to multiply quickly. The humidity level of the room can be influenced by several factors such as the temperature level and the intensity of light entering the room. Even so, the use of lighting as a sterilizer is currently still lacking in reducing the level of humidity in the room. For this reason, it is necessary to develop technology in the form of a control system for the use of led and ultraviolet lamps in the study room by utilizing the IoT system, so that it can turn on the lights and utilize electrical energy. In this study, the Internet of Things system was applied as a control for Web cameras, Gyml 8511, DHT11, and BH1750 sensors. Data from the sensor will be sent from Arduino uno to a local server, namely raspberry pi 4 using NRF24L01. The communication system between nodes is designed with a mesh topology that can determine the fastest route in the process of sending information. The result of this research is monitoring on the web display that displays the condition of the class and the condition of the lights. From the experimental results, it is found that the mesh communication system can work well.
The analysis and design of the proposed antennas is designated for receiving voice signals from Radio in general are out-of-prominent antennas and smaller indoor antennas, in this research, the authors aim to design and analyse an antenna with a simple design, a small dimension efficient, very easy installation, cheap and meet the antenna characteristics to support the movement in combat training within the Army. The antenna to be discussed is a monopole antenna Arrays with a minimalist shape that works at frequencies between 350MHz - 480MHz by adjusting the length of the horizontal elemental Active distance between the outer and inner to get the impedance matching. In order to obtain a unidirectional pattern, a metallic plane reflector is placed at a distance of about λ/4 from the array board: predicted gain (11 dB for 5 × 1 array and 15 dB for 9 × 1 array) and bandwidth (around 600 MHz) are larger than for conventional micro strip patch arrays having similar board dimensions. the proposed antenna has been numerically analysed for wireless communication systems.
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