Objectives: Infertility is one of the important complications in gynecology and the aim of the present study was to investigate the etiology and risk factors associated with infertility in the southern region of Iran. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in infertility centers of Hormozgan University of Medical Science (HUMS). Totally, 250 infertile couples were included. The variables including socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and infertility status (e.g., type of fertility, duration, etc.) were assessed by a self-administered and validated questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0. Results: The most common causes of male and female infertility were varicocele (49.4%) and ovulation disorders (57.5%), respectively. There was a significant association between female factor infertility and level of education, age of women, women’s age at marriage, number of abortions, alcohol consumption, presence of an underlying disease, and BMI (P<0.005). There was also a significant relationship between male factor infertility and men’s job, addiction, smoking, and presence of an underlying disease (P<0.005). Conclusions: Considering various risk factors for infertility, an important step forward can be taken towards reducing the incidence of these risk factors by providing different education classes during pre-marriage, pre-partum, pregnancy and postpartum periods so as to inform couples of controllable risk factors.

Background Sexual dysfunction refers to a chain of psychiatric, individual, and couple’s experiences that manifests itself as a dysfunction in sexual desire, sexual arousal, orgasm, and pain during intercourse. The aim of this systematic review will be to assess the sexual dysfunction and determine the relevant factors to sexual dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods and analysis All observational studies, including descriptive, descriptive-analytic, case-control, and cohort studies published between 1990 and 2019, will be included in the study. Review articles, case studies, case reports, letter to editors, pilot studies, and editorial will be excluded from the study. The search will be conducted in the Cochrane Central Register, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, EMBASE, ProQuest, Scopus, WOS, and CINAHL databases. Eligible studies should assess at least one of the sexual dysfunction symptoms in pregnant women or in the first year postpartum. Quality assessment of studies will be performed by two authors independently based on the NOS checklist. This checklist is designed to assess the quality of observational studies . Data will be analyzed using Stata software ver. 11. Considering that the index investigated in the present study will be the level of sexual disorder, standard error will be calculated for each study using binomial distribution. The heterogeneity level will be investigated using Cochran’s Q statistic and I 2 index in a chi-square test at a significance level of 1.1. Predictable limitations of this study included a small number and unacceptable quality of studies. Discussion This systematic review addresses the factors associated with sexual dysfunction during pregnancy and postpartum. Considering the high prevalence of sexual dysfunction among women, the treatment of this problem has been highly sought after by the World Health Organization in recent years. The results of this study can help discover new strategies by introducing factors affecting women’s sexual dysfunction, thereby eliminating or diminishing these factors, and play an important role in improving the quality of life of women during pregnancy and postpartum periods. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018083554 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13643-019-1079-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Introduction:Considering physical and emotional changes affecting women’s sexual function in postpartum period.Aim:This study was conducted to determine the sexual dysfunction and postpartum-related factors in Bandar Abbas women in 2016.Material and Methods:This analytical cross-sectional study used systematic random sampling on 432 postpartum women referred to Bandar Abbas Healthcare Centers. Data were collected by Demographic and Obstetrics Questionnaire and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Questionnaire through interview and were analyzed by using SPSS ver.22 method.Results:The overall rate of sexual dysfunction was reported 85.95%. The most common postpartum sexual dysfunction was pain sexual dysfunction during sexual intercourse. The mean score of all types of sexual dysfunction increased over time after delivery except sexual satisfaction so that the mean score of sexual satisfaction did not show significant differences over time. There was a significant relationship between sexual dysfunction with factors such as duration of marriage (p< 0.001), number of children (p<0.001), familial relationship (p=0.028), episiotomy status (P=0.002) and contraceptive method (p=0.001).Conclusion:Considering the high prevalence of sexual disorders in this study, healthcare systems need to pay more attention to this area. In order to promote the health status of the family and ultimate of the society, attention to sexual health as well as the early diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction of couples are important, especially during pregnancy and after childbirth.

Pregnancy is a natural physiological phenomenon while during pregnancy women are exposed to physical and mental changes which can affect their health and fetus. This study aimed to study the effect of young couples programs based on the BASNEF model on the mental health spouse support of pregnant women in 2014 years. This study was a quasi-experimental study. Statistical population was selected including 125 couples who referred to health centers of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences. Centers were also selected through random cluster among health centers of Hormozgan and 2 centers were randomly assigned for implementation of intervention and 2 centers were selected as control. Training intervention was implemented on the basis of the BASNEF model which includes young couples training as face to face for four sessions of 60 minutes at health centers. 4 weeks after completing the training, post-test was performed. Instruments used in this study include 3 questionnaires: demographic information, BASNEF Model, spousal support, mental health assessment questionnaire, which was completed before and 4 weeks after the intervention in both intervention and control groups. Data was extracted and was analyzed using SPSS21 software. Average of knowledge, attitude, enabling factors, subjective norms, behavior in the intervention group showed significant differences than the control group (P <0.001). The spouses support and Mental health scores in the intervention group showed no significant difference than the control group (P <0.001). The programmed trainings using health education model be used instead of education. Educating young couples be used instead of individual care of pregnant women and also help to promote family health with the presence of their wives in prenatal care and applied proper education.

IntroductionIncreased rate of caesarean section (CS) without medical indication is a global concern. According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO), the physiologic birth program is one of the strategies for reducing the rate of unnecessary caesarean sections. The aim of this study is to explain women's experiences with the implementation of the physiologic birth program in Iran.Materials and methodsThis study is a part of a mixed-method study involving 15 targeted semi-structured interviews individually conducted with women attending physiologic birth classes between January 2022 and June 2022. Interviews continued until data saturation was achieved. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis approach based on the criteria proposed by Graneheim and Lundman, using MAXQDA10 software.ResultsAnalysis of the findings of the study led to the emergence of 2 themes, 4 categories, and 10 subcategories. The first theme was the positive experiences of the women (“satisfaction with pregnancy” and “making the childbirth process pleasant”), and the second theme was their negative experiences with physiologic birth (“challenges and limitation of physiologic birth program” and “lack of high-quality obstetric services in the public health system”).ConclusionThe results of this study showed that childbirth preparation classes reduced women's fear and stress and enhanced their positive attitude toward vaginal delivery by preparing them for childbirth. Also, effective communication with midwives and their support along with efficient implementation of physiologic birth techniques led to successful pain management and satisfaction with the birth process. Policymakers should implement strategies to remove limitations and make this program accessible to all women.

Objective: The increasing prevalence of COVID-19 in Iran has increased the risk for anxiety and stress in families. Due to the significance of the impact of family health on the society’s mental health and the fundamental role of marital relationships, which is an indicator of marital satisfaction, this study was conducted to investigate associated factors of marital satisfaction in Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This online cross-sectional study was carried out to assess associated factors of marital satisfaction in Iranian women during the COVID-19 pandemic from April 1 to April 20, 2020. The study sample consisted of 317 married women of childbearing age eligible to enter the study. Data were collected using a socio-demographic and obstetric questionnaire, the Female Sexual Function Index, the ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and the General Health Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: A total of 317 married women participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 31.85 ± 6.94 years. Based on the multiple linear regression model, only five variables, including sexual satisfaction (B = 2.414, P < 0.001), physical symptoms (B = 0.245, P = 0.045), anxiety and insomnia (B = -0.319, P = 0.002), social dysfunction (B = 0.265, P = 0.003), and depression (B = -0.441, P < 0.001), could significantly predict marital satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Sexual satisfaction, physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression can significantly affect marital satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, planning to identify these factors and provide the appropriate strategy can increase marital satisfaction in times of crisis.

Implementation of the health reform plan in health centers is offered by health care providers where the quality of services is important as they deal with human lives. The aim of this study is to assess the implementation of health reform plan on health care providers in health, in order to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of this plan. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the health centers of the city of Bandar-Abbas in 2017. The sample size included 200 health care providers, and they were selected by convenience sampling method. The mean total job satisfaction score among health care providers was 2.43±0.70, indicating moderate satisfaction. The highest level of satisfaction was related to the area of opportunities for capacity development (3.01±1.14). The findings of this study can help managers plan to increase health care providers' satisfaction and to improve their performance and hence to achieve the objectives of the health care reform plan.

Background: According to the importance of postpartum sexual dysfunctions and their effects of these cases on the quality of life of the couple, this study aimed to determine vaginal postpartum sexual function and dyspareunia. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 400 women with a history of natural childbirth in 2020 - 2021 in Hormozgan Province, Iran. The demographic and obstetric checklist, sexual function, and postpartum dyspareunia questionnaires (Carol Scale) were used. For data analysis, “SPSS 18.0” Software and for Partial least squares (PLS) modeling, Smart PLS Software was used. Results: The mean age of the women was 26.74 ± 6.12 years, and the average overall sexual function and postpartum dyspareunia score were 27.18 ± 8.62. All amounts of cross-validated communality indicated the appropriate and acceptable quality of the present research model. The absolute goodness of fit (GOF) for the tested model was 0.41, indicating the tested model's appropriate fit. Age, spouse age, education, the average number of intercourse, and marital satisfaction directly affected sexual function after vaginal birth. In contrast, age, spouse age, education, duration of marriage were indirectly correlated with sexual function after vaginal birth through marital satisfaction (P < 0.01). In the present study, age, spouse, and education had a direct and indirect effect on sexual function after vaginal birth. Conclusions: Poor marital satisfaction can cause sexual dysfunction after vaginal delivery. Therefore, it is hoped that by using the present study results and similar ones to identify the factors affecting sexual function, by training couples and healthcare providers, sexual relations and emotional performance between couples will be established and strengthened more than before.