BackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections with global expansion. These infections are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC).MethodsTotally, 123 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from UTIs patients, using bacterial culture method were subjected to polymerase chain reactions for detection of various O- serogroups, some urovirulence factors, antibiotic resistance genes and resistance to 13 different antibiotics.ResultsAccording to data, the distribution of O1, O2, O6, O7 and O16 serogroups were 2.43%, besides O22, O75 and O83 serogroups were 1.62%. Furthermore, the distribution of O4, O8, O15, O21 and O25 serogroups were 5.69%, 3.25%, 21.13%, 4.06% and 26.01%, respectively. Overall, the fim virulence gene had the highest (86.17%) while the usp virulence gene had the lowest distributions of virulence genes in UPEC strains isolated from UTIs patients. The vat and sen virulence genes were not detected in any UPEC strains. Totally, aadA1 (52.84%), and qnr (46.34%) were the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes while the distribution of cat1 (15.44%), cmlA (15.44%) and dfrA1 (21.95%) were the least. Resistance to penicillin (100%) and tetracycline (73.98%) had the highest while resistance to nitrofurantoin (5.69%) and trimethoprim (16.26%) had the lowest frequencies.ConclusionsThis study indicated that the UPEC strains which harbored the high numbers of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes had the high ability to cause diseases that are resistant to most antibiotics. In the current situation, it seems that the administration of penicillin and tetracycline for the treatment of UTIs is vain.

SynopsisOsmotic coefficients of sodium, potassium, and calcium counterions have been determined in aqueous solutions on kappa-, iota-, and lambda-carrageenans a t 25OC. The experimental results are correlated with the calculated ones from the limiting law of Manning. An ordered secondary structure exists in kappa-and iota-carrageenans. Its stability is discussed as a function of temperature, ionic strength, and the nature of the counterions.

A series of new 3,5-bis((5-bromo-6-methyl-2-t-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)thio)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-amines and their cyclized products 'pyrimidinylthio pyrimidotriazolothiadiazines' were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential inhibitors of 15-lipo-oxygenase (15-LO). Their syntheses started by initial condensation of 2:1 equivalents of pyrimidine with triazole and subsequent nucleophilic displacement of the chlorine atoms with secondary amines and finally cyclocondensation in the presence of NaNH2. The compounds 4d and 4f showed the best IC50 of 15-LO inhibition (IC50 = 9 and 12 μm, respectively). Compounds 4a-g were docked into 15-LO. We suggest that the hydrogen bonds in quaternary nitrogen of piperazine ring of compounds 4d and 4f appear to play major role in lipo-oxygenase inhibition by this set of synthesized analogs and hydrophobic nature of this protein's binding site should be considered in ongoing investigations.

A simple and efficient procedure for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles via the condensation of o‐phenylenediamine, o‐aminophenol, and o‐aminothiophenol with various benzaldehydes by using magnetic Co‐doped NiFe2O4 nanoparticles has been developed. This nanocatalyst has advantages such as excellent product yields, solvent‐free conditions, and very short reaction times. After any experiment, the magnetic nanocatalyst could be easily separated with the aid of an external magnet and reused at least four times without any loss of its catalytic performance.