Introduction: Maxillary molars usually have three roots, four canals and the extra canal often exists in the mesiobuccal root. This study aimed to investigate the root morphology of maxillary first and second molars using CBCT. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, CBCT samples of 200 patients referred to maxillofacial radiology centers were selected and evaluated. Two-dimensional images in panoramic, cross-sectional, and transverse axial planes and three-dimensional images of the maxilla building that were reconstructed by a computer were examined. Analyzed data using one-way ANOVA and t-test (p value < 0.05) Results: The highest number of roots in the first molar was 3 (89.5%) and, the highest number of the second molar was 3 (90%). The maximum number of root canals in the first molar was 4 (65%) and, the highest number of root canals in the second molar was 3 (68%). The MB2 canal of maxillary first molars was 67.5% and the MB2 canal of maxillary second molars was absent at 71.5%. The presence of MB2 canal of maxillary first and second molars had no significant difference (p value > 0.05), but the presence of MB2 canal of maxillary first and second molars was significant (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between being unilateral and bilateral with the presence of the mesiobuccal canal. Most of the first maxillary molars and, maxillary second molars had three separate roots. Also, there was no significant relationship between gender and side of study with the presence of mesiobuccal canal.
Introduction: Maxillary sinus drains through the primary maxillary ostium into the infundibulum, then flows through the hiatus semilunaris into the middle meatus and communicates with the nasal cavity. The maxillary sinus ostium is located approximately at the most superior part of the medial wall of the sinus. Accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) may play a role in sinusitis, but the effect of heredity or environment on the presence or absence of AMO is unknown.The aim of this study was to assess the primary and accessory maxillary ostium. Methods: In this descriptive-cross-sectional study, 130 Cone Beam Computed Tomography scans (260 sinuses in total) from the maxilla of patients referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry of Isfahan Azad University were examined in Isfahan City, Iran (in the year 2021-2022). Measurements were performed in the coronal section by On Demand 3D software. Statistical analysis was performed by T-Test, Exact fisher, Shapiro-Wilk and Spearman tests through SPSS statistics version 16. Results: The mean diameter of primary maxillary ostium was 1.33 ± 0.45 on the right and 1.33 ± 0.5 on the left, respectively. AMO was observed in 64% of the left sinuses and 38.5% of the right sinuses. Increased sinus mucosal thickness was seen in 26% of the right sinuses and 28% of the left sinuses, and finally Mucous Retention Cyst in 9% of the right sinuses and 8% of left sinuses, respectively. Conclusion: Primary maxillary ostium size was not statistically significant related to the variables of age, sex and the presence of AMO, but on the right side, the average primary maxillary ostium size is less if there is increase in the thickness of the sinus mucosa than when there is no increase in the thickness.
Introduction: Evaluating the dimensions of buccal and palatal alveolar bone in the anterior maxillary teeth is very important in patients who are candidates for immediate implant replacement. The aim of this study was Assessment of buccal and palatal alveolar bone thickness in maxillary anterior teeth on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 78 CBCT images of patients referred to Radiology Department of Khorasgan Dental Faculty were evaluated. The collected data included the measurement of the bone thickness of the alveolar buccal and palatal anterior maxillary teeth at three locations of the crest, the middle region of the root and apex with the Sidexis software. Then, the measurements were compared between males and females. The data were analyzed by T-test statistical methods. Results: The mean thickness of the buccal alveolar bone in the crest region and the middle region of the central, lateral and canine teeth was less than 1 mm. The mean thickness of the buccal alveolar bone at the apex site of the central, lateral and canine teeth was more than one mm. The mean thickness of the palatal alveolar bone in the crest region of the central, lateral and canine teeth was less than one millimeters. The mean thickness of the palatal alveolar bone in the middle region of the root and apex was more than one mm. There was no statistically significant difference between the sex and thickness of the buccal alveolar bone, except at the apex of the central and lateral teeth (p value > 0.05). Between sex and thickness of palatal alveolar bone, in the crest of lateral and canine teeth and in the middle root and apex area of all three central, lateral and canine teeth in men were significantly more than women (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: The buccal alveolar bone was present in most of the points examined at the crest and mid-root site, and the palatal alveolar bone was at the crest site at most checked points with a thickness of less than 1 mm.
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