10 This paper presents a multi-criteria risk-based approach for managing urban flood hazards by using 11 a combination of conventional measures and contemporary Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS).12 A multi-objective optimisation model coupled with a simulation model of UDS in the SWMM 13 software is developed with the three objectives of minimising total costs, the risk of flooding and 14 pollution discharged into receiving waters. K-means clustering technique is used to group the 15 optimal solutions. A few optimal solutions and individual SuDS solutions are then ranked together 16 by using the compromise programming (CP) method. The methodology is demonstrated on a case 17 study of the Golestan city UDS in Iran. The results obtained show there are indirect correlations 18 between non-dominated solutions that minimise the risk of either flooding or pollution. The results 19 also show the selected optimal solutions can provide cost-effective strategies that reduce both flood 20 and pollution risks by at least 27% and 50%, respectively.
Urban development broadly impacts the hydrological cycle, leading to increased peak flow and flooding. Surface water detention ponds are among the most efficient measures for attenuating peak flow and returning it from development to pre-development conditions. However, the major challenge is identifying optimal locations and cost-effective designs for these ponds. This paper presents a new framework for identifying the best strategies for using detention ponds to control floods in urban drainage systems (UDS). The framework comprises a portfolio of simulation tools coupled with evolutionary optimisation and multi-criteria decision analysis models. Hydraulic simulation of UDS is first modelled using SWMM and GIS tools. A multi-objective optimisation model was used to find the optimal location and design for detention ponds. The compromise programming (CP) multi-criteria decision-making method was then used to prioritise potential best management solutions for detention ponds based on several sustainability criteria comprising economic, environmental, physiographic and social factors. The results identified the key features of potential detention ponds appearing in all multi-objective optimal solutions that are useful for decision-makers/designers when planning/ designing for new detention ponds. The selected optimal pond strategies can significantly improve the UDS performance by decreasing flood damage between 66% and
<p>Urban development and the increase of impervious surfaces have a broad impact on the hydrological cycle leading to increased peak flow and flooding, especially in downstream areas. Surface water detention ponds are among the most common measures to attenuate the peak flow and return it from development to pre-development conditions. The effect of these ponds on reducing a flood depends on the location and the dimensions. This paper presents a new framework for identifying the best strategies for using the detention ponds to flood control in urban drainage systems. The stormwater management model (SWMM) was applied for hydraulic and hydrological simulations of urban drainage systems. In addition, a multi-objective optimisation model was used to find the optimal location and size of detention ponds. The effect of physiographic and social factors on selecting ponds was analysed by simulating and examining the GIS environment. Based on the criteria reviewed in the previous steps, the best management solutions were prioritised by a multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM) named Compromise Programming (CP). The methodology was then demonstrated on the real-world case study of the Karaj city basin in Iran. The results show that these detention ponds can improve current drainage performance and decrease flooding damage.</p>
Human ethics and behavior are so important that God has sent many prophets to human beings for ethics and religious education. Methodology: Ethical education of students is one of the main goals of education system; therefore, efforts are made to incorporate ethical themes and teachings in the students' lessons, especially in elementary school; because the elementary period is the period of children's upbringing. This research has been done using descriptive-analytical method, based on library studies and with the aim of examining ethics and ethical teachings in Persian reading books of the first to sixth grade of elementary school. Teaching ethical concepts to elementary students should be considered to have constructive effects while, avoid harmful consequences. Findings: The results showed that in the Persian books of the elementary school, many ethical topics had been considered and these teachings were among the ethical goals that had been approved by the Higher Education Council. Due to the greater impact of poetry, anecdotes and stories on the child's mind, most of these ethical teachings were presented to the student in the form of poems and stories. Conclusion: Studies conducted in the Persian reading book of the six grades of elementary school showed that elementary school students were full of excitement, emotion and feeling that the correct guidance of this passion and emotion could be fruitful in the direction of ethical teaching.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.