Lignin is a renewable material and it is abundantly available as low priced industrial residue. Lignin-based carbon fibers are economically attractive and sustainable. In addi tion, remarkably oxidized molecule o f the lignin decreases the required time and temper ature o f the thermostabilization process compared to other carbon fiber precursors such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN); and thus, decreases the processing cost o f carbon fiber pro duction. The fraction 4 o f softwood Kraft lignin (SKL-F4) was previously shown to be spinnable via electrospinning to produce carbon nanofibers. In this paper, we character ized different Kraft lignin powders through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to measure the mean size o f the ordered domains in different fractionations o f softwood and hard wood samples. According to our results, SKL-F4 has largest ordered domains among SKLs and highest hydroxyl content according to Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) anal ysis. In addition, variations in the XRD patterns during carbon nanofiber formation were studied and the peak fo r (101) plane in graphite was observed in the carbon nanofiber carbonized at 1000°C.

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