In this work various morphologies of tin dioxide nanostructures were synthesized via chemical reaction between tin chloride and different capping agents. The effect of different parameters such as precursors and temperature on the morphology of SnO 2 nanostructures was investigated. Photo-catalytic property of tin oxide was examined by degradation of methyl orange as organic pollutant in water under UV light irradiation. Nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, photo luminescence, Fourier transform infra-red, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. For preparation of nanocomposite tin dioxide was added to poly carbonate and poly styrene and results show that the SnO 2 nanostructure can improve both thermal stability and flame retardant property of the polymeric matrixes. The enhancement is due to suitable dispersion and compatibility between polymeric chains and inorganic additive.

In this work, germanium dioxide nanostructures were prepared by a facile co-precipitation method. In this synthesis approach was used from acetyl acetone as capping agent to get the smallest nanoparticles. Some of effective parameters were optimized to achieve the best morphology of product, such as mole ratio of acetyl acetone, temperature and time. Small germania nanostructures with a size about 70 nm sizes were achieved in this method. Nanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared techniques X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Various properties such as photoluminescence, photocatalytic and photovoltaic property were studied for as-prepared nanostructures. Results of germania nanostructures show that product revealed a PL band that caused from recombination of electron and hole in nanostructure. On the other hand, these nanostructures show a good photocatalytic behavior for degradation of methyl orange in presence of UV light. Therefore germania nanoparticles applied in photovoltaic measurement.

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