Interactions of the active material particles with the binder are crucial in tailoring the properties of composite electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries. The dependency of the protonation degree of the carboxyl group in the carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) structure on the pH value of the preparation solution was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Three different distinctive chemical states of CMC binder were chosen (protonated, deprotonated, and half-half), and their interactions with different silicon single crystal facets were investigated. The different Si surface orientations display distinct differences of strength of interactions with the CMC binder. The CMC/Si adhesion forces in solution and Si wettability of the silicon are also strongly dependent on the protonation degree of the CMC. This work provides an insight into the nature of these interactions, which determine the electrochemical performance of silicon composite electrodes.
Kunststoffe sind hochpolymere Werkstoffe und unterscheiden sich von vielen, sogenannten ,,klassischen Werkstoffen" durch ihren molekularen Aufbau. Der molekulare Charakter bestimmt das Erscheinungsbild der Kunststoffe und gleichfalls ihre Eigenschaften. Herstellungsverfahren fur Kunststoffe sind: Polymerisation, Polykondensation und Polyaddition. Die fur den chemischen Apparatebau wichtigsten Chemiewerkstoffe werden nach dem Verfahren der Polymerisation hergestellt. Die Entwicklung der Kunststoffe ist noch keineswegs abgeschlossen. Wenn aber keine neuen Produktklassen mehr zu erwarten sind, so ist der weitere Weg der Kunststoffentwicklung gekennzeichnet durch Verbundwerkstoffe, Werkstoff-Systeme und Optimierung der chemisch-physikalischen Eigenschaften. Bask Chemistry and Physics of Macromolecular MaterialsPlastics are high polymers, and their molecular configuration differs from that of many classical materials. The molecular character governs their appearance and properties. They are produced by polymerisation, polycondensation and polyaddition processes. Plastics that are important for the construction of chemical engineering equipment are produced by polymerisation. Developments in plastics have by no means been completed. Although new classes of products can no longer be expected, the trends will be towards composites, materials systems and optimation of chemical and physical properties.Die Chemie der niedermolekularen Stoffe beschaftigt sich mit Molekulargewichten zwischen 10 und lo3. Hierunter fallen die meisten anorganischen Verbindungen. Die makromolekulare organische Chemie hat es mit Molekulargewichten zwischen lo4 und lo7 zu tun. Die Eigenschaften solcher hochmolekularen Stoffe werden in erster Linie von der aufiergewohnlichen MolekulgroBe und in zweiter Linie von der Chemie der sie bildenden Atorne bestimmt.
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