The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the EVIGENE VRE Detection kit and compare it with PCR, considered the gold standard for detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). The correlation between the MIC values of vancomycin and teicoplanin using the epsilon test was also determined. In the EVIGENE VRE Detection kit, DNA probes specific for bacterial target DNA sequences are bound to microwell plates. A hundred and ten VRE (104 Enterococcus faecium and six Enterococcus faecalis) and 45 vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium were tested. All VRE strains were found to be positive for the vanA genotype using the EVIGENE VRE Detection kit. All results obtained with the EVIGENE VRE Detection kit were confirmed by PCR. MIC results for the strains also correlated highly with the PCR and kit results. The EVIGENE VRE Detection kit should be used in preference to other methods for detecting resistance genes in all strains, since it is less time-consuming, does not require the handling of hazardous chemicals and has the same specificity as PCR.
The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the ability of seeded and not-seeded commercial pediatric blood culture bottles to support the growth of the most frequently responsible microorganisms for bacterial meningitides (Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae). Tests have been carried out with an automated colorimetric pediatric blood culture system, BacTAlert, Organon Teknika. Bottles were inoculated with X-V factors and serial dilutions of the each bacterium in six times (10(1)-10(6) colony forming unit [CFU]/ml). The bottles, which were supplemented with X-V factors, proved to be effective and time to detection (TTD) was shorter than the un-seeded bottles (p0.05). Time difference between seeded and not-seeded bottles was getting greater at high dilutions of both bacteria. We consider that in presence of a few bacteria, the seeding of bottles with X-V factors is very critical obtaining N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae as the causative agents of meningitidis. The recovery rate of the microorganisms, which were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid by using the X-V factor-seeded blood culture bottles, is therefore higher than with the conventional culture methods.
Resistance to chloramphenicol and ampicillin, first choice drugs in the treatment of salmonellosis, has been increasing day to day. This resistance generally depends on plasmid mediated beta-lactamase activity.
The ease of plasmid tranfering plays an important role in the spread of antibiotic resistance from one bacterial strain to another.
In this study, beta-lactamase activity and the resistance of ampicillin in totally 97 salmonella strains isolated from stool and blood specimens were investigated. Beta-Jactamase activity was detected in 38 of these bacteria. Except for a beta-lactamase positive strain of S.schottmuelleri, the resistance of ampicillin was detected in all salmonella strains having beta-lactamase enzyme.
Shigellae are responsible for bacillary dysentery which causes high morbidity especially in developing countries. in this study stool samples of 735 patients whit acute diarrhea were examined and Shigella spp. were isolated in 79(10. 7 %). S.sonnei (44.3 %) was the most frequently isolated pathogen followed by S.boydii (24.0 %) S.flexneri (22.8 %) and S.dysenteriae (8.9 %) respectively. The mean age of patients was 12.85 and 0-5 age group had the highest frequency with a rate of 41.8 %. High resistance rates were found against tetracycline, ampicilline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) which were the drug of choice for the therapy of shigellosis until recent years, while quinolones and third generation cephalosporins were found to have highest in-vitro antibacterial activity.
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