Background: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention programs can decrease the economic burden of STIs. Foster youth have higher rates of STIs compared with their peers; however, information on direct costs and indirect costs averted by STI testing, treatment, and counseling among foster youth is lacking.Methods: This study used data from a comprehensive medical center for foster youth over a 3-year study period from July 2017 to June 2020. Direct and indirect costs averted by testing and treatment of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, as well as HIV testing and counseling, were calculated based on formulas developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and adjusted for inflation.Results: Among the 316 youth who received medical services during this time, 206 were sexually active and tested for STIs and/or HIV. Among 121 positive STI test results, 64.5% (n = 78) were positive for chlamydia, 30.6% (n = 37) were positive for gonorrhea, and 5.0% (n = 6) were positive for syphilis.
Israel's Child Development Account (CDA) program, the Savings for Every Child Program (SECP), is universal and automatically enrolls all children under the age of 18, depositing approximately $14 into their accounts every month. Parents can transfer an additional monthly $14 into these long-term savings accounts and can choose an investment vehicle for their children's deposits. The total realized benefits from the SECP depend heavily on parents' choices. This study examines how demographic, financial, and intrinsic personality characteristics predict household participation in this program. Using a unique data set combining administrative and survey data, we find that household ethnicity, parental education, and financial circumstances were the most significant predictors of household engagement with the SECP. Important differences in program enrollment and participation are observed by household ethnicity. Our study can inform potential policy designs of CDA programs, especially in middle-and high-income countries, and have implications for enabling less-educated and ethnic minority households to save for their children's future.
The professional social work in Azerbaijan started in 2005 with the Master of Social Work degree and it rapidly evolved. The article presents the findings of the study that evaluated the situation of the social work profession since its establishment. The sample size was 39 respondents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus groups. The study found rapid development, institutionalization, and acceptance of social work by public agencies as achievements, and the wrong image of social work, lack of jobs for social work graduates, uninformed selection of social work by students, and low salaries for social workers as challenges.
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