Objective:The aim of this study was to determine alterations in microhardness of crown dentin and enamel, after 2 and 12-month storage in de-ionized water, 0.2% glutaraldehyde, Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), 0.1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or 0.1% thymol.Materials and Methods:Freshly extracted, nonsterile 60 intact human premolars were distributed to five groups. Six teeth from each group were evaluated after two, and other six teeth were evaluated after 12 months storage. After grinding and polishing of teeth, Vickers hardness was evaluated with making indentations on enamel and dentin, using a pyramid diamond indenter tip exerting 100 g load for 15 s.Results:After 2 months storage in solutions, range of the hardness values (HV) of enamel and dentin were in between 315–357 and 64–67, respectively. However, 12 months storage of the teeth resulted in a statistically significant decrease in microhardness when compared to microhardness of teeth stored for 2 months (P = 0.001). Although the differences were not significant regarding solutions, all solutions decreased the microhardness both in enamel and dentin (P > 0.05). However, decrease in microhardness was relatively less in de-ionized water and thymol solutions while glutaraldehyde decreased microhardness the most: 63% for enamel and 53% for dentin.Conclusions:Microhardness of enamel and dentin was in an acceptable range when teeth were stored for 2 months in de-ionized water, glutaraldehyde, HBSS, NaOCl or in thymol; thus, teeth kept up to 2 months in these solutions can be used for mechanical in vitro tests. However, 12 months storage significantly decreased the microhardness of enamel and dentin.

A numerical and experimental study was carried out to determine the effects of anti-symmetric laminate configuration, cutout and length/thickness ratio on the buckling behavior of E/glass-epoxy composite plates. The buckling loads were presented for symmetrically and anti-symmetrically laminated plates subjected to axial compression load. The study included two different laminate configurations ([90/45/−45/0] as and [90/45/−45/0] s ), two different cutout shapes (circular and semi-circular), two different length/thickness ratios (L/t=75 and 37.5) and three boundary conditions (clamped-clamped [CC], clamped-pinned [CP] and pinned-pinned [PP]). Firstly, the buckling loads of eight-ply E/glass-epoxy rectangular plates were determined experimentally. Then, the buckling loads of the laminated composites were calculated by ANSYS finite-element computer code. The changing in buckling load of the composites due to the presence of cutout and changing of length/ thickness ratio was calculated. Finally, the experimental test results were compared to the buckling loads of plates obtained from the finite element analysis.

In this study, buckling analysis of laminated composite circular plates having circular holes and subjected to uniform radial load is investigated by using the finite element method. The effects of hole sizes, location of the holes, thickness variations and boundary conditions on the critical buckling load, and the buckling mode shapes of the composite plates are determined. Eight node isoparametric shell elements with 24 degrees of freedom are used during the investigation.KEY WORDS: composite circular plate, the finite element method, buckling.

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Objective: This study aimed to assess whether manual segmentation is an accurate method in tooth volume measurement and to compare the outcomes of manual, automatic, and semiautomatic segmentations on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images by comparing each system with the water displacement method, which is the gold standard. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of l0 maxillary impacted teeth were used in this preliminary in vivo study. Following the acquisition of CBCT scans, manual, automatic, and semiautomatic segmentations were completed by the same operator. After surgical removal, the volumes of all impacted teeth were measured with the water displacement method, which was used as the gold standard. The volume of each segmented image was measured in mm 3 using the 3D-Doctor software. The established volumes of each segmented image were compared with those of the gold standard using the 95% confidence interval bootstrap percentiles. Intraobserver reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: All segmentation methods revealed significantly different volume values both from the gold standard and from each other (p=0.000). The semiautomatic segmentation demonstrated comparable performance with the manual method, and both systems provided comparable volumes with the gold standard than did the automatic method. Excellent intra-observer intraclass correlations were found for all protocols. Conclusion:The actual volumes of the specimen were not obtained by manual, semiautomatic, and automatic segmentations. Semiautomatic segmentation demonstrated comparable performance to the manual method, whereas automatic segmentation yielded the poorest values. The automatic and semiautomatic segmentations may be improved by the development and utilization of novel or hybrid segmentation algorithms for a faster process and more accurate results.

This study aims to determine the hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) content in the honey samples which are processed at different temperatures by using a spectrophotometric method and to investigate the suitability of image processing method as an alternative method to spectrophotometry. Honey samples were subjected to conventional heating by using a conventional oven at 75°C, 100°C, 125°C and 150°C for 20 min. The HMF content of the samples were determined by using spectrophotometric method and the images of heated honey samples in tubes were captured by a professional camera simultaneously to compare results obtained from spectrophotometry and image processing. The results showed a correlation (y = 18.54x-1.224, R 2 = 0.987) between the data obtained by image processing and spectrophotometric analysis. Thus, it was concluded that, image processing can be used as an alternative method for determining the amount of HMF content in honey for different temperatures. Practical applicationsWith the development of image processing technologies, there is a great potential for food safety and food preservation. This study will bring about improvement in the field of food quality and preservation analysis for food manufacturers. Moreover, this application can be used in food industry for a quick quality determination for mass production.

In this study, the effects of matrix material on mechanical properties were investigated in glass fiber reinforced high‐density and low‐density polyethylene composites. Also, in order to compare the fiber configuration effect on anisotropic behavior, unidirectional and biaxial glass fabrics were used as reinforcement material. Composite laminates were manufactured via the compression molding technique. Tensile and three‐point bending flexural tests were conducted up to failure on specimens cut out in different directions. Extensive fracture photomicrographs were presented for observing the failure modes (e.g. delamination) of the composites resulting from a variety of loading conditions. In addition, Scanning electron micrographs of postfractured surfaces of composites were interpreted in an attempt to explain the failure mechanisms (adhesive or cohesive failure) of the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers

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