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Background: Infantile colic has a multifactorial etiology; although various treatments have been attempted to manage and alleviate its symptoms, a solution is lacking, adversely affecting mothers and their babies. Recent studies have suggested that dysbiosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of infantile colic and that modulating the gut microbiota, including the use of probiotics, may aid its management.Purpose: This single-blind randomized controlled study evaluated the effect of probiotics (Actiregularis, 5 × 10 6 ) added to the diet of mothers on infantile colic symptoms and neonatal gut microbiota content.Methods: A probiotic drink containing the Actiregularis (5 × 10 6 ) strain was added to the diet of mothers in the experimental group once daily for 15 consecutive days. Stool samples were collected from each infant twice, on days 0 and 15, and fecal 16s rRNA gene sequencing and compositional-based metabolomic analyses were performed. The mothers recorded the babies' crying frequency and severity for 15 days using a daily form created by the researchers. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04374955).Results: Infants whose mothers were supplemented with Actiregularis for 15 days showed a decreased frequency (p=0.00) and intensity (p<0.001) of crying as well as a significantly increased bacterial diversity in the stools (p=0.017). This variety was substantially affected by the addition of probiotic products. The greatest species diversity was observed in the group treated with probiotics, while the least diversity was observed in the control group (Shannon, p=0.0043; Simpson, p=0.017). Conclusion:Babies treated with Actiregularis added to their mother's diet for 15 days showed decreased crying frequency and intensity and increased bacterial diversity and density.

OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the effect of online breastfeeding counseling after cesarean section on breastfeeding success and anthropometric measurements of the baby in the first 6 months. METHODS:The study was conducted with single-blind randomized controlled experimental research design and performed with 151 primiparous women as intervention (n=76) and control (n=75) groups. The mothers were given training in the first 24 h postpartum by applying the "Data Collection Form, " "Breastfeeding and Infant Follow-up Form, " and "Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale -Short Form, " who followed up at the first and sixth months, and further again for 6 months. RESULTS: Although there was no difference and homogeneity at the beginning of study among the participants in the intervention group compared with the control group, it was observed that the breastfeeding rates at the first and sixth months were higher and significant. When the anthropometric measurements of the participants in both the groups were compared, it was found that there was a significant difference between the measurements of height and weight at discharge, first, and sixth months. Breastfeeding self-efficacy scores in the intervention group were significantly higher at discharge, 4 weeks postpartum, and 6 months postpartum than those in the control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Breastfeeding training and online counseling given to mothers who give birth by cesarean section during the early postpartum period increased breastfeeding rates and self-sufficiency, and the anthropometric measurements of babies were found to be higher at healthy limits.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to examine the effect of women's unmet family planning needs on their sexual functions during the COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 319 women of childbearing age across Turkey between April and May 2021. Data were obtained through online questionnaires using the "Survey Form" and the Female Sexual Functıon Index. RESULTS: It was observed that 46.77% of the participants had difficulty in accessing the family planning method, the most used family planning method during the pandemic period was the withdrawal method with 52.35%, and there was a significant difference between them and the pre-pandemic method (p<0.05). In the regression analysis, it was shown that a one-unit increase in the difficulty of accessing the family planning method and the place reached parameter would lead to an increase of 0.33 points in the sexual function probability of women. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that women of childbearing age living in Turkey had limited access to family planning services during the pandemic, those who used modern methods before the pandemic had to prefer the traditional method, and the sexual functions of women who had fear of becoming pregnant were adversely affected.

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Özet Epizyotomi, normal vajinal doğumda en fazla uygulanan cerrahi işlemlerden biridir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü) nün önerisi epizyotominin rutin olarak kullanılmaması yönündedir. Yapılan çalışmalar da epizyotominin rutin uygulamadan çıkarılması, sınırlandırılması ve gerekli olduğu durumlarda yapılmasını önermektedir. Ülkemiz de epizyotomi uygulanma sıklığı gelişmiş ülkelerden farklı olup; geleneksel olarak primiparlara rutin, multiparlara ise gerektiğinde epizyotomi uygulandığı bilinmektedir.Epizyotomide bakımın temel amacı ağrı ve rahatsızlığın giderilmesi, enfeksiyonun önlenmesi ve iyileşmenin sağlanmasıdır. Epizyotomi bölgesinin nemli aynı zamanda idrar ve gaita ile kontaminasyon riski enfeksiyon oluşmasına ve ağrının artmasına, iyileşmenin gecikmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle insizyon yerinin temiz ve kuru tutulmasını sağlamak gerekir. Ayrıca oturma banyosu, kuru/nemli sıcak uygulama ve bölgeye buz uygulaması yapılması, iyileşmeyi hızlandırmak ve rahatsızlığı gidermek için kullanılan etkili yöntemler arasındadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Epizyotomi, epizyotomi ve bakım AbsractEpisiotomy, is one of the most applied surgical procedure in the vaginal birth. The World Health Organization with the suggestion of the not use of episiotomy is routinely. Studies on the removal of the routine practice of episiotomy and limitation, it should be done where necessary. Our country is different from the frequency of episiotomy applied in developed countries; primipars traditional routines, while it is known that applied to multipars episiotomy necessary. The main purpose of elimination of maintenance of an episiotomy pain and discomfort is to provide infection prevention and healing. Episiotomy be applied humid region, urine and stool may occur with infection in the incision because of contamination risk, an increase in pain, it may retard the healing process Therefore it must be kept clean and dry to ensure the incision. Also warm sitz bath dry heat application, moist heat application, and the application of ice to accelerate the healing process and are effective in relieving discomfort.

Objective: It was aimed to determine the reasons why women did not prefer Vaginal Delivery. Methods: This is research cross-sectional in descriptive type. The STROBE statement was used in the planning, implementation, and reporting of the study design. The research was carried out in a private hospital in Turkey, between April 2021-2022. It was conducted with 347 women aged 18-45 years who were not pregnant, and who wanted Caesarean section for their planned pregnancy. The data were obtained by "Obtaining Information Form" and the "The Vaginal Delivery Preference Inventory-TVDPI". Results: The TVDPI score was found to be correlated with education status, previous delivery, the effect of obtaining information about cesarean section, and the effect of witnessing vaginal delivery. It was determined that a one-unit increase in the age and number of the delivery parameters would lead to a decrease of 0.025 points in the probability of affecting TVDPI scores. Women's education level, previous delivery, and obtaining information about delivery patterns affect their delivery preferences. Conclusions: The education level of women, their previous births and their knowledge about the mode of delivery affect their birth preferences. In the choice of birth, the woman should be considered as a whole with her environment and the culture in which she lives.

Objective: It was aimed to examine the views, beliefs and attitudes of midwives and nurses towards kangaroo care. Method: The research was conducted between June and July 2021 with 214 midwives and nurses working in two public and one private hospitals. The principle of the Declaration of Helsinki was complied with throughout the research. The data were obtained through online questionnaires using the "Data Collection Form" and the "Kangaroo Care Opinion Belief and Attitude Inventory" created by the researchers. Results: 56.5% of the participants participating in the study were nurses, 46.3% worked in neonatal intensive care, their professional years were 7.71±7.27, Kangaroo Care Opinion Beliefs and Attitudes Inventory (KBGITE), attitudes, opinions and It was determined that there was a positive correlation between the belief dimensions and the mean total score (p=.000). It was found that there was a correlation between KBGITE total score average and educational status, occupation, unit of work and previous training in kangaroo care (p