Parathyroid cysts constitute 0.08–3.41% of all parathyroid masses. Intrathyroidal parathyroid cysts, however, are rare conditions with only a few cases being reported. Most of the parathyroid cysts are found to be nonfunctional and functional cysts are generally thought to be due to cystic degeneration of parathyroid adenomas. A cystic, smooth contoured lesion of 24 × 19 × 16 mm was observed in left thyroid lobe of a 76-year-old woman during ultrasonography which was performed as routine workup for primary hyperparathyroidism. It was defined as a cystic thyroid nodule at first. Tc99m sestamibi scintigraphy was performed to see any parathyroid lesions, but no radioactive uptake was observed. Intact parathormone (iPTH) level was found to be >600 pg/mL in cyst aspiration fluid. Left lobectomy was performed, with a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism due to functional parathyroid cyst. Serum iPTH level was decreased >50% postoperatively and histopathological evaluation was consistent with an encapsulated parathyroid adenoma with a cystic center. Parathyroid cysts are among rare causes of primary hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis is made by markedly increased iPTH level in cyst fluid and observation of parathyroid epithelium lining the cyst wall.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural changes in testicles of the patients with varicocele by strain elastography (SE) and to identify the relationship between semen analysis and hormone levels considering SE results. The patients were separated into two groups as varicocele and control, according to their physical examination and the scrotal colour duplex ultrasonography results. All patients underwent examination by hormonal profile, semen analysis, colour duplex ultrasonography and sonoelastography. Testicular volume, resistive index (RI) of intratesticular arterial flow, strain rate and varicocele measurements were recorded. The left testicle strain ratios (SR) median value was 0.18 (0.15–0.26) in the varicocele group and 0.25 (0.19–0.28) in the control group (p < 0.001). The median RI value was 0.59 (0.52–0.64) in the varicocele group and 0.52 (0.5–0.59) in the control group (p < 0.001). No difference was found considering volume between the right and left testicles in either group. These results showed that elastography could be useful to detect the damage caused by varicocele on testicles in early period. However, studies with more patients would help to increase elastography's value and reliability.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the elasticity of the supraspinatus (SSp) and infraspinatus (ISp) tendons and coracohumeral ligament (CHL), as well as the thickness of CHL in patients diagnosed with adhesive capsulitis (AC) using ultrasound (US) and 2D shear wave elastography (2D-SWE), determining their contributions to diagnosis and stage differentiation. This prospective case-control study was conducted between January 2020 and May 2021. In all cases, the ultrasound examinations were performed using the virtual touch quantification and expressed as shear wave velocity (SWV) in meters per second. After US examinations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was planned for all cases. The measurements made in US and MRI revealed that CHL thicknesses and SWV values of CHL and SSp and ISp tendons were statistically substantially higher in the patient group. The diagnostic performance of 2D-SWE in predicting AC was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. When the cutoff value of the mean SWE for CHL was taken as 4.67 m/s, the sensitivity of SWE was found to be 90.2% and the specificity 85.7%. Our study results suggest that CHL thickness on B-mode US, as well as SWV values of CHL and SSp and ISp tendons in 2D-SWE examination, can be used as a useful tool for AC diagnosis without the need for MRI, a costly and time-consuming examination.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.