The aim and main objectives of this article are determined by the urgency of issue in intensifying country’s integration efforts into the global economy in the context of Turkmenistan’s accession to the WTO. The aim of this article is to develop proposals that may be used in negotiations by the country’s delegation on terms of Turkmenistan’s accession to the global trade organization. The article proves the necessity of taking into account the specificity of transition economies when evaluating and discussing their concessions and obligations they will accept upon WTO accession. The most important elements and key issues in negotiating to be considered by the delegation of Turkmenistan are identified. The paper demonstrates that building or reforming the institutional framework and mechanisms to implement the WTO Agreements will require more public and private investments. At the same time, the long-term strategic benefits and advantages of WTO membership will outweigh the adaptation costs. The latter will be short term if well-designed, balanced, gradual and good economic policy is developed. The article emphasizes the critical importance of conducting a well-developed and well-designed social and economic policy that will be the basis and factor contributing to reducing corruption risks and overcoming corruption in public sector. This paper concludes by providing recommendations. It shows that the country should have the benefit of an extended transition period under which the national trade rules and regulatory regimes must be totally reconsidered to reflect the WTO rules and regulations. Also, the country should be granted: firstly, certain exceptions to WTO rules and agreements; secondly, special and differential treatment; thirdly, special waivers of the application of “WTO-plus” obligations and “WTO-minus” provisions.
The purpose and objectives of this article are determined by the pressing need for acceleration of the digitization dynamics in the international trade. The article emphasizes that in the modern time digital transformation is the key and biggest trend in the global trade business and its retail seсtor. The study has also provided a review related to the experiences of the top and leading global e-commerce countries. The features of the regulation of digital trade in the United States, China, India, and the European Union are identified and summarized. It is shown the World Trade Organization should play the key role in the process of unification and standardization of digital trade rules. The author provides recommendations on the key elements of a legally binding multilateral digital trade agreement and position of Turkmenistan in the context of accession to the World Trade Organization.
The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for the liberalization of the financial services sector of the economy of Turkmenistan in the context of the country's potential accession to the World Trade Organization. The article considers the problems and challenges that Turkmenistan may face in the process of negotiations on the terms of accession to the WTO. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical justification of the expediency of maintaining the status quo in trade in financial services in the short and medium term within the initial list of specific obligations of the country provided for by the GATS. As a result, in the conditions of macroeconomy and its transitional nature, taking into account the unpredictable volatility of hydrocarbon prices, it is recommended to leave the existing restrictions on access to the financial services market and on the national regime unchanged in the context of a gradual process of lifting restrictions on the movement of capital and its complete liberalization.
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