No abstract

This article explores the nexus between three measures of greenhouse gases (CO 2 , N 2 O and CH 4 ) with economic growth (GDP) and energy use for six South Asian countries (Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri-Lanka and Bhutan) by using panel ARDL approach from 1990 to 2017. The paper evaluates the three panel models of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) and studies the relationships with energy use and GDP in the context of (Environmental Kuznets curve) EKC. This study shows non-linear relation of CO 2 with GDP as well as of N 2 O with GDP hence proves the presence of EKC in long run. The analysis of the study shows the positive significant impact of CO 2 on GDP and energy use in long. In case of short run, the relationship of CO 2 with energy use is significant at 10% level. In case of methane model for long run, there is negative relationship between CH4 and energy use however, there is positive significant impact between CH 4 and GDP. However, there has been negative relationship of N 2 O with energy use and positive insignificant relationship with GDP.