In this study, the possibility of using of chestnut (Castanea sativa) sawdust in Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostretatus and Pleurotus citrinopileatus) cultivation was investigated. Additionally; Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation on the substrates which was mixed of chestnut with black poplar (Populus nigra) and oriental spruce (Picea orientalis) was performed. Bioactive properties of these mushroom and their growth mediums were also examined. After a successful harvest, total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin contents and antioxidant properties of mushrooms' methanolic extracts were determined. Same analyses were also performed for mushrooms substrates. The highest yield and biological efficiency was observed in P. ostreatus cultivated on 100% Castanea sativa substrate. The highest total phenolic content (2.529±0.010 mg GAE/g) was found in P. citrinopileatus cultivated on C. sativa sawdust and its substrate medium. Total flavonoid could not determine any mushroom. The highest total condensed tannin (3.691±0.011 CE mg/g) content was observed in P. ostreatus cultivated on C. sativa sawdust and its substrate medium; the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (11.761±0.020 µmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g) was seen in P. ostreatus mushroom cultivated on 50% P. orientalis + 50% C. sativa and 100% C. sativa substrate medium. The highest free radical scavenging activity of DPPH was in P. citrinopileatus and 100% C. sativa sawdust and 100% C. sativa substrate medium. Keywords: Antioxidant, chestnut, Pleurotus, tannin content, total phenolic content ÇEŞİTLİ TALAŞLARDA ÜRETİLEN PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS VE PLEUROTUS CITRINOPILEATUS MANTARLARININ TOPLAM FENOLİK, FLAVONOİD VE TANEN İÇERİKLERİ VE ANTİOKSİDAN ÖZELLİKLERİ ÖzBu çal›flmada Pleurotus ostreatus ve Pleurotus citrinopileatus'un (‹stiridye mantar›/Kay›n mantar›) kestane (Castane asativa) odunu talafl›ndaki üretim olanaklar› üzerinde durulmufltur. Ayr›ca; kestane talafl›n›n; karakavak (Populus nigra) ve do¤u ladini (Picea orientalis) talafllar› ile kar›flt›r›ld›¤› ortamlarda Pleurotus ostreatus üretimi denenmifltir. Üretimlerin ard›ndan elde edilen mantarlar›n ve yetiflme ortamlar›n›n biyoaktif özellikleri araflt›r›lm›flt›r. Baflar›l› bir hasat periyodundan sonra mantarlar›n metanolik eksraktlar› üzerinden toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve kondanse tanen içerikleri ve antioksidan özellikleri belirlenmifltir. Ayn› deneyler mantar subsratlar› için de tekrar edilmifltir. En yüksek verim ve biyolojik etkinlik de¤eri %100 Castanea sativa ortam›nda geliflen P. ostreatus mantar›nda gözlenmifltir. En yüksek fenolik içerik (2.529±0.010 mg GAE/g) C. sativa talafl›nda üretilen P. citrinopileatus mantar›nda ve kendi yetiflme ortam›nda bulunmufltur. Hiç bir mantarda flavonoid içeri¤i tespit edilememifltir. En yüksek kondanse tanen içeri¤i (3.691±0.011 CE mg/g) %100 C. sativa talafl›nda üretilen P. ostreatus'da ve kendi yetiflme substrat›nda; en yüksek demir indirgeyici antioksidan aktivite (11.761±0.020 µmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g) %50 P. orientalis + %50 C. sativa kar›fl›m›nda üretilen P. ostrea...

In this study, radioactivity and heavy metals accumulations in Agaricus campestris mushroom collected from Kahramanmaraş and Erzurum provinces was determined. HPGe gamma detector was used for the determination of radioactivity concentrations. Heavy metal content was measured using a ICP-MS. -5 respectively. Amount of daily intake for each heavy metal was calculated. Radionuclide activity concentrations and accumulations of heavy metal were not founded threaten level to healthy, except from arsenic As (0.025 and 0.039 mg/kg) in mushroom collected from both provinces. They were found a bit higher than upper limit (0.015 mg/kg) in report which is prepared World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) jointly. Kahramanmaraş ve Erzurum'dan toplanan Agaricus campestris mantarlarının radyoaktivite tayini ve ağır metal miktarlarının belirlenmesi Keywords

Ö Z E TS unulan bu çalışmanın amacı, atık ıhlamur yapraklarının Pleurotus ostreatus mantarı kültivasyonunda kullanılabilirliğini araştırmaktır. Başarılı bir hasattan sonra, mantarların toplam fenolik madde miktarları, antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, verim %15, biyolojik etkinlik %30, toplam fenol miktarı 1.514±0.001 mg GAE/g, antioksidan aktivitesi 2.508±0.056 μmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca Pleurotus ostreatus mantarı metanolik özütleri Klebsiella pneumonia ve Acinetobacter haemolyticus bakterilerine karşı inhibitor etki göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Tilia tomentosa yaprakları tıbbi özelliklere sahip Pleurotus ostreatus kültivasyonu için uygun bir hammaddedir. Anahtar KelimelerAntimikrobiyal, antioksidan, ıhlamur yaprakları, Pleurotus ostreatus. A B S T R A C TI n this study, the posibility of using of waste lime leaves in Pleurotus ostretatus cultivation was investigated.After a successful harvest, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of mushrooms was determined. According to the test results; yield was 15%, biological efficiency was 30%. The total phenolic content was 151.4±0.001 mg GAE/100 g, the antioxidant activity was 2,508±0.056 μmol FeSO 4 .7H 2 O/g. Additionally; methanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom showed inhibitory effect against Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter haemolyticus bacteria. As a result, Tilia Tomentesa's leaves are suitable raw material with satisfactory medical properties for the Pleurotus ostretaus cultivation.

Some non-wood forest products are brewed and consumed as tea. Among the reasons for the consumption of herbal tea, digestive problems are located in the first row. Antioxidants help to human body for arranging digestive and immune system. Herbal tea is brewed in various ways such as boiling at different durations or waiting in hot water at different temperatures etc. Type of brewing can affect to bioactive properties of herbal tea. In this study, it was investigated the bioactive properties (total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, condensed tannin content and antioxidant properties) of some herbals brewed (Green tea / Camellia sinensis., senna / Cassia sp., corn silk / Zea mays, rosemary / Rosmarinus officinalis) at different temperature. These herbs were brewed for 10 minutes at 60 o C, 80 o C and 100 o C temperatures. After cooling, total phenolic, flavonoid content, total condensed tannin content and antioxidant properties of these herbs were determined. Consistently, the highest results were found in the tea brewed at 100 o C. The highest total flavonoid (0.305 ± 0.005 mg QE/g) and ferric reducing ability (670.150 ± 2.121 µmol FeSO47H2O/g) was in Rosmarinus officinalis. The highest condensed tannin (9.443 ± 0.524 mg CE/g) and the highest total phenolic content (4.872 ± 0.005 mg GAE/g) was in Camellia sinensis and Cassia sp., respectively.

In this study, Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated on tea (Camellia sinensis) and espresso wastes. Tea wastes were used in two forms; sterilized or non-sterilized. Then, total phenolic, flavonoid, condensed tannin contents, ferric reducing/antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging were used as antioxidant determinants and also protein content were investigated in these mushrooms' methanolic extracts. Same measurements were determined in mushrooms' growing medium except protein content. The highest protein content (20.89%) was found in non-sterilized tea wastes. The highest total phenolic (1.460±0.012 mg GAE/g), total flavonoid (0.120±0.005 mg QE/g), condensed tannin (0.877±0.011 mg CE/g) and the lowest scavenging of free radical activity (17.190±0.001 mg/mL) were determined in sterilized tea wastes. The highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (8.498±0.089 μmolFeSO4.7H2O/g) were determined in espresso wastes. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference between the sterilized and non-sterilized substrates for the total yield and biological efficiencies. In this case, it can be said that the kinds of substrates and their usage forms are very important in terms of energy savings especially does not require sterilization like tea wastes. Consequently, tea and espresso wastes can be used as a beneficial source of substrate material for Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom cultivation.