Built environments have destructive effects on the natural environment as one of the responsible actors in increasing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, all types of energy-efficient and sustainable improvement studies for the existing building stock are pivotal in reducing the adverse effects on the environment. Although the measures taken and targets determined in line with the policy regulations implemented on a global scale are promising, the proliferation rate of these practices is relatively low. The retrofit process's complex nature, which requires multi-dimensional solutions involving several aspects, increases the significance of relevant studies. In this context, it is thought that it will be beneficial to monitor, analyse and assess contemporary studies in determining the areas that require further research. This study presents a comprehensive literature analysis using the science mapping method using bibliometric data of qualified academic studies published since 2000 when research on the energy-efficient retrofit of existing buildings gained momentum. It aims to contribute to the literature by determining the research areas in which the contemporary research concentrates and evaluating future studies on "energy efficient retrofit of existing buildings".
Environmental and economic problems like climate change and the energy crisis have made it necessary to develop contemporary manifests, approaches, and policies that can be applied locally and globally. In this context, universities have also focused on updating their strategies to carry out research and education activities in line with local, regional, and national goals. The subject of this section is the manifest of an architectural design studio in Gazi University, Department of Architecture, in line with the university's academic priorities and strategies. Introducing current ideals and real-world issues into studio-based architectural design education is a difficult process that calls for novel instructional perspectives and methods. From this respect, authors share and discuss their teaching approaches and experiences in structuring a new “architectural design studio” by focusing on Ulus - the historical city center of Ankara - and abandoned areas in the region and giving undergraduates an opportunity to critically observe, rethink, and design for the built environment.
Since the built environments are responsible for the increasing energy consumption, environmental pollution, and global warming, developing energy-efficient design approaches in architecture is inevitable. The ‘passive house' concept is one of these approaches that are effectively and successfully applied in residences. Recently, these standards have been applied to different building types like office buildings, hospitals, and schools. Schools designed with this approach have found a place in the literature not only on energy efficiency but also with many positive effects on students/teachers. In this chapter, first, the concept of a passive house is emphasized, and the design approach providing the standards is included. Then, the design principles and standards of passive schools are discussed. In the case study part, these criteria are examined over three school projects built in Europe and USA, energy-efficient design approaches are compared, and the results are evaluated. Results show that this approach allows for energy savings of around 75% compared to average new school buildings.
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