ÖZETBu derlemede, ruhsal hastalığa, hastaya yönelik inanç, tutum ve damgalama etkilerini alanyazın taraması yaparak eleştirel bir gözle sergilemek amaçlanmıştır. Yıl sınırlaması gözetmeksizin 27.11.2012-29.08.2013 tarih aralığında Google ve Google Akademi veri tabanı, 'Ruhsal hastalık inanç, tutum, damgalama' , 'Ruhsal hasta inanç, tutum, damgalama' , anahtar sözcükleri kullanılarak taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda, 1439 makaleye/çalışmaya ulaşılmış, 59 sonuç değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Taranan yayınların %54.2'si psikiyatri hemşiresi/leri tarafından yazılmış, %52.5'i hakemli dergilerde yayınlanmış, %45.8'i araştırma makalesi olarak sunulmuş ve %22'si damgalama ve damgalama ile mücadele ve sağlık çalışanının hastaya/hastalığa karşı tutum, inanç ve damgalamasını araş-tıran yayınlar olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tarama sonuçlarının %33.9'unda, inanç, tutum ve damgalamayla mücadele hakkında öneri belirtilmezken, %30.5'i bu konuda toplumun eğitiminin önemliliğini vurgulamıştır. Ruhsal hastalığa ve hastaya yönelik inanç, tutum ve damgalama ile ilgili yapılan yayınlar; profesyonellerin ve toplumun bu konuda olumlu görüş birliğine ve davranışına ulaşmasının gerekli olduğunu göstermiştir.Anahtar sözcükler: Damgalama; inanç; ruhsal hasta; ruhsal hastalık, tutum. SUMMARYThe aim of this manuscript is to provide a critical review through screening of the literature regarding the effects of belief, attitude and stigmatization of mental illness and the patient. Google and google academic databases were screened between 27-11-2012 and 29-08-2013 GirişGünlük yaşantıda farklı konu başlıklarının yanına sunulan üç kavram; inanç, tutum ve damgalama sıralaması, insanoğ-lunun gelişimi boyunca karşılaştığı kavramlardır. Özellikle inanç ve tutum olumlu olduğu takdirde, yaşamda itici bir güç görevi görürken, olumsuz olması durumunda bireyin evden bile çıkamamasına neden olan geriletici bir güç görevi görür.Ruhsal hastalık ve hasta gibi henüz daha tam anlamı ile açıklanması zor olan konularda, olumsuz inanç, tutum ve yaklaşımlar sonucunda damgalamanın olması kaçınıl-maz görünmektedir. İşte bu noktada, psikiyatrist, psikiyatri hemşiresi, psikolog, sosyal çalışmacı gibi alanın uzmanları ile toplum liderlerinin yapacağı ortak hareketlere, çalışmalara ve becerilere gereksinim vardır. Ülkemizde ruhsal hasta ve hastalığa yönelik geliştirilen toplum tutumları ile ilgili yapılan ilk yayından (1971) günümüze kadar, bu alanla ilgili önce-leri yazılı/sözlü basından, günümüzde ise bilişim devriminin kolaylıkları ile daha hızla internetten ulaşılan yayınlar/yazı-lar mevcuttur. Bu yazılarda ruhsal hasta ve hastalığa yönelik olumsuz inanç, tutum ve bunların sonucu olarak damgala(n) manın yaşandığı bildirilmektedir. Damgalamanın sonucunda ruhsal hasta ve yakınları toplumdan izole olmakta ve sağlık yardımı arama davranışları göstermemektedir. Başta ruh sağ-lığı ve hastalıkları profesyonelleri olmak üzere, toplumun diğer üyelerinin de bu olumsuzluklarla mücadele etmeleri için ülkemizdeki durumun farkında olmaları önemlidir.Bu sistematik derlemede Türkiye'de ruhs...

Amaç:Bu araştırma Türkiye'de 2013Türkiye'de -2015 Objectives: This study is planned to examine the profile of the Community Mental Health Centers (CMHC) in Turkey between 2013 and 2015 years. Methods: The research was structured as a descriptive study. 45 Community Mental Health Centers were included in the study (Rate of participation 42, 45%). The descriptive analysis was based on the evaluation of the data. Results

The research was designed with a descriptive purpose to compare the alexithymic characteristics, trait anger and anger expression styles of those who are diagnosed with insomnia with those who are not. It was conducted with 96 patients who applied to Department of Sleep Disorders and were diagnosed with insomnia and 96 volunteers were not diagnosed with any psychiatric diagnosis and had not any sleep disorders in two Medical Faculty Hospitals in west of Turkey. Three types of forms were used to collect research data. The first form is the Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, the second one is The Toronto Alexithymia Scale and the third one is the Trait Anger-Anger Expression Scale. It was determined that the patients diagnosed with insomnia had displayed much more alexithymic characteristics than control group. Insomniac patients had higher level of anger and anger expression-in than the control group was found. In accordance with the findings, it is suggested that more comprehensive data should be obtained from the patients having sleeping problems and, that the nursing interventions on the patients' recognition, expression and anger management should be reflected on the nursing holistic care.

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SUMMARYBackground and Aim: Tobacco consumption is still a prevalent issue. Given that teachers are respected in society, they have a great responsibility for tobacco control. This study examines, using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), the prevalence of tobacco use among teachers and their different stages of tobacco use. It also evaluates teachers' views on smoking and the effectiveness of training on tobacco use.Methods: This study is quasi-experimental. Pre-test and post-test were used first with a cross-sectional group, then with a single group to determine the frequency of tobacco use. The research participation complied with the voluntary principles and the participation rate was 84.9%. The research sample comprised 450 teachers working at schools (N = 17) under the Kemalpasa Directorate of Education. The data form contained 29 questions about socio-demographic characteristics and smoking habits. The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), Smoking Decisional Balance Scale (SDBS), and the Stage of Change were used. A pre-test was also administered, and training was given between January 13 and March 4, 2014. After the training sessions, two short messages (SMS) were sent on March 12 and March 19, 2014. A post-test was administered between April 1 and May 21, 2014. The relevant institutions and participants gave the requisite permission for the data used in this study. Percentage distribution, dependent t-tests and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the research data.Results: The median age of the teachers was 37.49 ± 7.84. The teachers' mean score for the pre-test of FTND was 5.7 ± 2.03, and their mean score for the post-test was 3.25 ± 2.07. Post-test scores were remarkably lower than the pre-test scores. It was found that teachers' mean scores for SDBS were different before and after training. After training, anti-smoking attitudes increased (pros-cons scores: pre-test: −3.64 ± 4.68, posttest: −11.25 ± 5.48). The training helped the entire group to make progress in the process change.Conclusion: After training on "the health effects of smoking", teachers' anti-smoking attitudes rose on the smoking decision balance scale, their nicotine dependency was reduced, and they were able to move forward in a positive direction.

PurposeThe infiltration between the popliteal artery and the capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) has been described to provide analgesia without loss of muscle strength and is effective in functional recovery. This study compared iPACK + ACB (adductor canal block) with PAI (periarticular infiltration) + ACB and ACB alone in terms of postoperative analgesia and functional improvement. Methods This double-blinded randomized controlled trial included 105 patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Patients received ACB, iPACK + ACB, and PAI + ACB along with spinal anesthesia. The primary outcome was the area under the curve (AUC) numeric rating scale (NRS) at 48 h. Secondary outcomes were cumulative postoperative analgesic consumption within 48 h, timed up-and-go test, range of motion, length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. ResultsThe 48-h AUC movement NRS score in the iPACK + ACB group was significantly lower than in the PAI + ACB and ACB groups (p < 0.05). At the postoperative 48th h, the opioid consumption of the iPACK + ACB group was lower than those of the ACB and PAI + ACB groups (p < 0.001). The patients in the iPACK + ACB group had significantly shorter discharge and mobilization days than the ACB and PAI + ACB groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions The adding of an iPACK block to the ACB improves postoperative analgesia and reduces opioid consumption. In addition, this approach improves functional performance and reduces hospital stay.