Diagnosis of non-CF bronchiectasis is often delayed because of a failure to recognize the significance of symptoms. Through clinical investigation, including a HRCT scan of the chest, sweat test, studies of immune function, and ciliary function in a child with a prolonged suppurative cough, remains important. In Turkey, the most common causes of non-CF bronchiectasis are PCD and immunodeficiency, related to a high frequency of consanguinity.

Amid the COVID-19 crisis, children with special needs may have challenges. To determine emotional and behavioral challenges, 116 children aged 4 to 6 years, who received special education, were evaluated. COVID-19 negatively affected the families at a rate of 94.6%; 76.5% of the children’s daily routines were worsened. Although the one-on-one time duration with the mother and father increased (73.5% and 66.7%), reading books (40.6%), play (17.2%), and overall activity durations (25.7%) decreased. The median screen time increased from 1 to 3 hours. According to the families, there was a regression in development in 18.8% of children. Special education practices at home were ceased by 17.2% of families, and a significant difference was found between the groups with and without regression in development in terms of the frequency of continuing special education at home. The development of children with special needs is an ongoing urgent situation; thus, besides protecting and promoting physical health during the pandemic, families and children should also be supported for developmental needs.

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Aim and Objectives. To describe the patient characteristics, clinical-epidemiologic-microbiologic profile, and treatment outcomes, and to draw attention to tuberculosis (TB) in Turkey. Methods. A retrospective, descriptive study was undertaken of 93 children aged 0 to 18 years who were admitted to Hacettepe University Pediatric Pulmonology Department for treatment from January 2005 to December 2015. Review of hospital records was performed for all children diagnosed as having TB. Results. Pulmonary TB was detected in 51.6% of the patients, extrapulmonary involvement in 33.3%, and pulmonary TB with extrapulmonary involvement in 15.1%. The history of contact with an adult with TB was found in 29% of cases. The most common extrapulmonary TB was TB lymphadenitis. The most common symptom was cough followed by fever and night sweats. One fifth of the patients had normal physical examinations at the time of diagnosis. One fifth (20.4%) of the patients had culture, 17.2% had polymerase chain reaction, and 15% had acid-resistant bacillus positivity. In 21.4% of patients with culture growth, at least one anti-TB drug resistance was found. The mean duration of treatment of patients treated according to the national guideline was 8.6 months (range = 6-36 months). Recovery was seen in 91.4% of patients. Conclusion. The most important way to prevent childhood TB is to fight adult TB through early diagnosis and effective treatment. The presence of contact history must direct us to search for TB. While evaluating children with persisted nonspecific symptoms, TB must be kept in mind even if physical examinations are normal.

Objective: Pandemics such as COVID 19, cause severe stress for both parents and children due to social constraints, changes in daily routines, and economic challenges, and can lead to long-term developmental and behavioral problems in children. We evaluated the behavioral problems of typically developing healthy children at the end of the second year of the pandemic, as well as the effect of family sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 28 children between the ages of 18 to 60 months who admitted to Hacettepe University İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital between January and February 2022 and 23 children from the pre-pandemic period. All of the children scored normally on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) in all developmental domains. The Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) was completed by parents. Results: In terms of family sociodemographic characteristics, no significant difference existed between the two groups. Anxiety-depression scores were significantly higher in the post-pandemic group once CBCL scores were assessed (p=0.047). In the final stepwise multiple regression model, maternal education level was significantly associated with lower anxiety-depression scores (p=0.030). It was revealed that a maternal education level above high school reduced the anxiety-depression scores by 2.53 points in the post-pandemic group. Conclusions: Families, pediatricians, and all other healthcare providers need to closely monitor preschoolers, who are among the groups most vulnerable to the negative effects of the pandemic. Additionally, new policies are required to eliminate health and social inequalities that deepen during the pandemic, especially in middle income and developing countries.