Fossil fuel-based energy consumption is still dominant in the world today, and there is a consensus on the limited reserves of these energy resources. Therefore, there is a strong stimulation into clean energy technologies to narrow the gap between fossil fuels and renewables. In this respect, several commitments and codes are proposed and adopted for a low energy-consuming world and for desirable environmental conditions. Sectoral energy consumption analyses clearly indicate that buildings are of vital importance in terms of energy consumption figures. From this point of view, buildings have a great potential for decisive and urgent reduction of energy consumption levels and thus greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among the available retrofit solutions, greenery systems (GSs) stand for a reliable, cost-effective and eco-friendly method for remarkablemitigation of energy consumed in buildings. Through the works comparing the thermal regulation performance of uninsulated and green roofs, it is observed that the GS provides 20°C lower surface temperature in operation. Similar to green roofs, vertical greenery systems (VGSs) also reduce energy demand to approximately 25% as a consequence of wind blockage effects in winter. Therefore, within the scope of this chapter, GSs are evaluated for a reliable and effective retrofit solution toward low/zero carbon buildings (L/ZCBs).
One of the most effective key methods to meet today’s increasing energy demands is to use resources efficiently. Especially in heating and cooling applications, notable energy savings are possible by efficient use of resources. For this purpose, insulation applications on building surfaces have been conducted for many years on a global scale. Besides, green facades are also considered to be one of the most suitable and efficient building cover technologies because of their superior benefits like energy saving, acoustic and thermal features, environmental aspects, and aesthetic appearance. Green facades are greenery media climbing over the facade, either traditionally or with special support structures. It is a highly preferred method in building coating applications, especially in recent years, but the initial installation and maintenance costs are somewhat expensive compared to traditional methods. Nevertheless, it still stands out as a cost-effective technology when its impacts on human health and environmental aspects are evaluated along with architectural features and social acceptance. Within the scope of this review, green facade systems are investigated in detail in terms of methodology, building applications, cost, challenges and potential solutions.
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