The present study was aimed at determining the origin, course and distribution of the celiac artery in eight adult red falcons, using a latex injection and dissection method. The celiac artery was ascertained to originate from the aorta at the level of the last 2-3 costae. The celiac artery was determined to split into two main branches, namely, left branch of the celiac artery and right branch of the celiac artery, in between the proventriculus and gizzard, and in the proximity of the lien. Prior to the indicated bifurcation, the celiac artery was observed to give off an esophageal artery and superior proventricular artery. In seven of the red falcons examined, splenic arteries, varying from two to four in number, were determined to spring from the celiac artery. Both the left and right hepatic arteries were ascertained to stem from the left branch of the celiac artery. The terminal branch of the left branch of the celiac artery, namely, the left gastric artery, was determined to have a fan-like distribution to the left surface of the gaster. The artery of the gall bladder was demonstrated to emanate from the left branch of the celiac artery in all of the red falcons examined, excluding one. The right branch of the celiac artery was determined to ramify into its terminal branches, namely, the right inferior gastric artery, ileocecal artery, pancreaticoduodenal artery, duodenojejunal artery and gastroduodenal artery, in the proximity of the pylorus which constitutes the gastro-duodenal passage.

The red fox is widely distributed all over the world. These animals feed as wild animals and off the waste of people, thus having a close association with people. Anatomical knowledge of the red fox is very poor and we aimed to investigate the branches of the plexus brachialis in the red fox. We used six male red foxes that were died in traffic accidents. The right plexus brachialis was formed by the cervical spine nerves, C6, C7, and C8, and the thoracic spine nerve, T1 of the rami ventralis in four animals, and between C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 and T2 in two animals. The right plexus had a regular appearance. The left plexus brachialis consisted of C6, C7, C8 and T1 in all the red foxes examined. The right rami ventralis originating from C5 was thin, and after a short course joined to a branch of C6. The rami ventralis originating from T2 coursed directly via the axillar region of the right side. The left side was not as regular as the right side. In this study, we showed that there were differences between the right and left sides of the plexus brachialis in the red fox.

In this study, it was aimed to perform light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigation of the tongue and papilla belonging to two wolves. Light microscopy and SEM images of tongues were taken. It was observed that papillae filiformes concentrated in apex of these investigated tongues. In addition to, these papillae were observed in the whole tongues. It was also determined that papillae fungiformes were distributed rarely in between papillae filiformes. Papillae foliatae were placed in the lateral side of tongues. There were two papillae vallatae in the median part of tongues. Papillae vallatae was determined in radix linguae. It was observed that papillae vallatae formed circular extensions in many different dimensions and a hole was present in a circular structure in the center. Papillae conicae were seen on dorsal surface of radix linguae. Papillae foliatae were seen four laminal structure and placed on the each lateral side of tongues. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that presents of light microscopy and SEM findings related with the tongues of wolves.

We investigated the expression of bcl-2, estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha), caspase-3, -8, -9, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in canine mammary carcinomas. We used 65 paraffin embedded and re-diagnosed archival canine mammary tumor samples to which we applied the routine streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Seventeen cases were re-diagnosed as tubulopapillary carcinoma, 31 were re-diagnosed as complex carcinoma and 17 were re-diagnosed as carcinosarcoma. Differences of expression of bcl-2 and PCNA were statistically significant according to tumor type. Differences in expression of ER-alpha, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Ki-67 were not statistically significant. Differences of expression of bcl-2 and PCNA were statistically significant compared to ER-alpha, caspase-3, -8, -9 and Ki-67 in carcinosarcomas. We report the prognostic significance of bcl-2 and PCNA expression in canine mammary carcinosarcomas.

The aim of the present study was to determine both the location of the pancreatic duct and the anatomical variation in the pancreatic ducts of rat and rabbit. Following administration of ether anesthesia, the abdomens were opened. Catheters were placed in the ileocolic vein, junction of the duodenum and jejunum, and into the aorta. All arteries, veins and pancreatic ducts were filled with red, blue and white dyed latex, respectively. The rat pancreas was consisted of three lobes, while the rabbit pancreas was consisted of two lobes. The rat pancreas also involved a diffuse gland situated in the gastrolienal ligament and mesoduodenum. It was observed two major ducts which name posterior pancreatic duct, anterior pancreatic ducts. The ducts that were determined in the right side of the biliaropancreatic duct open from origin the biliaropancreatic duct were measurements 8.09+2.65 mm right side and left side 7.32+3.61 mm. The rabbit pancreas included a diffuse gland situated among the liver, stomach and duodenum. In the rabbit, the duct of the pancreas (pancreatic duct) entered the duodenum 51.52+3.23cm distal to the pylorus. Bunting & Jones (19) reported that the pancreatic duct opened to the duodenum and 25-27cm away from (distal part) the pylorus in rabbit, the present authors found the pancreatic duct opened to the duodenum and measured 46.33-57.17cm in our study. Tavşan ve rat pankreas'ının morfolojik görünümü: Lokalizasyonu, kanalları, arterleri ve venleri üzerine bir araştırma ÖZ Bu çalışmanın amacı rat ve tavşanlarda ductus pancreaticus'un yerleşimini ve bu türlerde ductus pancreaticus'un anatomik varyasyonlarını belirlemektir. Eter anestezi uygulaması sonrası cavum abdominis açıldı. Kateter, vena iliecolica, duodenum ile jejenumun birleşim noktasına ve aorta'ya yerleştirildi. Tüm arter, ven ve pancreas kanalları sırasıyla kırmızı mavi ve beyaz boyalı lateks ile dolduruldu. Rat pankreası üç, tavşan pankreası ise iki lobdan oluşmaktaydı. Rat pankreası ligamentum gastrolienal ve mesoduodenum arasında yaygın bir bez olarak görüldü. Ductus pancreaticus anterior ve posterior olmak üzere iki kanal olduğu gözlendi. Bu kanalların başlangıcından itibaren sağ tarafta 8.09+2.65 mm sonra, sol tarafta da 7.32+3.61 mm sonra ductus biliopancreaticus'a açıldığı saptandı. Tavşan pankreası karaciğer, mide ve duodenum arasında yaygın bir bez olarak görülmekteydi. Tavşanda ductus pancreaticus, distal pylorus'ten 51.52+3.23 cm uzaklıkta duodenum'a açılır. Bunting & Jones (19) tarafından ductus pancreaticus'un tavşanda pylorus'un başlangıcından 25-27 cm sonra duodenum'a açıldığı bildirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ise ductus pancreaticus'un açılış deliğinin pylorus'a uzaklığı 46.33-57.17cm olarak ölçüldü.

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The biometric ratios on the tarsus of the Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) based on 3D reconstructed images. Kafkas