Hepatic complications due to umbilical venous catheters are not uncommon in the neonatal period. Ultrasound is the best imaging modality for confirming the diagnosis and for follow-up.

No abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate ovarian reserve of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methodology:Eighty-nine women with T2DM and 73 healthy controls were enrolled and divided into three age groups [group 1 (20 -29 yr), seven diabetics and 18 healthy controls; group 2 (30 -39 yr): 35 diabetics and 35 healthy controls; and group 3 (40 -49 yr): 47 diabetics and 20 healthy controls]. All participants were subjected to transvaginal ultrasonographic examination on the third day of their menstrual periods for the determination of ovarian volume and total antral follicle count (AFC).Results: A significant difference in mean FSH levels (international units per liter) was observed between women with diabetes and healthy controls in all age groups (group 1, 7.8 Ϯ 0.9 vs. 5.0 Ϯ 1.0; group 2, 8.2 Ϯ 1.1 vs. 7.2 Ϯ 1.8; group 3, 9.5 Ϯ 3.2 vs. 6.4 Ϯ 2.4; P Ͻ 0.001 for all). Similarly, mean AFC was significantly lower in patients with T2DM than in healthy controls in all age groups (group 1, 21.1 Ϯ 4.8 vs. 25.0 Ϯ 9.1; group 2, 10.4 Ϯ 5.2 vs. 23.0 Ϯ 9.5; group 3, 6.0 Ϯ 3.5 vs. 21.7 Ϯ 2.1; P Ͻ 0.001 for all). A statistically significant difference in total ovarian volume was only observed in group 1 (9.7 Ϯ 3.0 in T2DM patients vs. 6.8 Ϯ 2.7 in healthy controls; P ϭ 0.002). AFC was found to be negatively correlated with FSH (r ϭ Ϫ0.406, P Ͻ 0.001), age (r ϭ Ϫ0.618, P Ͻ 0.001), glycolized hemoglobin (r ϭ Ϫ0.505, P Ͻ 0.001), and fasting blood glucose (r ϭ Ϫ0.687, P Ͻ 0.001). Conclusion:In this pioneer study, the first to evaluate ovarian reserve in T2DM patients, we managed to demonstrate lower ovarian reserves in women with diabetes compared with healthy controls. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97: 261-269, 2012)

Isolated intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is extremely rare in pediatric patients. We present the case of a 22-month-old boy whom had isolated intracranial RDD involvement. To our knowledge, a parieto-occipital regional involvement without a dural tail sign has not been previously documented. Also, the mass contained hyperintense central T1 foci, and hypointense T2 and gradient echo foci; which are helpful in the differential diagnosis from meningioma. The magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging findings are discussed and the follow-up course is presented in this paper.

The pterygopalatine fossa is an important anatomic crossroads that is connected with numerous intra- and extracranial spaces via foramina and fissures. Although this fossa is small, its central location in the skull base and its communications provide clinical, radiological, and anatomical significance. In this pictorial review, we aimed to describe the radiologic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa, as well as to give some pathologic examples to better understand this major conduit.