To evaluate the impact of dyspnea and chronic self-care management outcomes of an Education-Based Intervention Program (EBIP) compared to routine care. Methods: The population of the study consisted of self-care management scale of 61 patients diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) stage 2 and within one month after discharge. A total of 51 conforming patients were divided into experimental and control groups for a single-blind randomized trial. Data were collected using an introductory information form, the baseline dyspnea index (BDI), pulmonary function test (PFT), the self-care management process in chronic illness Original Article (SCMP-G) scale and body mass index (BMI). There were no addition interventions to the control group. The intervention group underwent a 3-month EBIP intervention that included education, house visits and follow-ups through phone calls between March 2019 and June 2019. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests, χ 2 , Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. p<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: The study was completed with a total of 40 COPD patients. The effect of the EBIP training program on BDI, PFT, and SCMP-G scores in the intervention group was statistically proven (p<0.05). However, the differences between the groups in the BDI sub-dimension of functional impairment and PFT were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Providing patients with illness-related education through EBIP provided a partial improvement in dyspnea and a significant improvement in chronic care management among COPD patients.

The aim in this study was to determine the experiences, behaviors, and attitudes of married Turkish women of fertility age, towards menstruation. Of the 586 women who took part in the study 64.2% described their menarche as an unfavorable experience. A total of 48.8% of them felt they had to keep their menstruation as a secret, and 2.2% believed that menstruating was a punishment given by God. Most did not approve of religious observances such as reciting the Quran, performing the namaz, and fasting when menstruating. Women over thirty who had less education were more likely to think that these activities were unfavorable. Sexual intercourse during menstruation was viewed as unfavorable by 80.9% of the women and 80.4% said that they did not have intercourse then. The state of menarche was found to limit women's lives in both public and individual spheres. It is suggested that menstruation should be evaluated not only within the scope of women's health, but also as a social issue and accessibility to information on menstruation should be improved.

IntroductionThroughout the history of the world, the ones who had confronted the bitterest face of poverty and war had always been the women. As known poverty and war affects human health either directly or indirectly, the effects of this condition on health and status of women in the society should not be ignored. This study intends to cast light on the effects of war and poverty on the reproductive health of women. For this purpose, the face of war affecting the women, the problem of immigration, inequalities in distribution of income based on gender and the effects of all these on the reproductive health of women will be addressed. War and Women's HealthFamine, synonymous with war and poverty, is clearer for women; war means deep disadvantages such as full destruction, loss of future and uncertainty for women. Wars are conflicts that destroy families, societies and cultures that negatively affect the health of community and cause violation of human rights. According to the data of World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank, in 2002 wars had been among the first ten reasons which killed the most and caused disabilities. Civil losses are at the rate of 90% within all losses (1). War has many negative effects on human health. One of these is its effect of shortening the average human life. According to the data of WHO, the average human life is 68.1 years for males and 72.7 years for females. It is being thought that severe military conflicts in Africa shorten the expected lifetime for more than 2 years. In general, WHO had calculated that 269 thousand people had died in 1999 due to the effect of wars and that loss of 8.44 million healthy years of life had occurred (2,3). Wars negatively affect the provision of health services. Health institutions such as hospitals, laboratories and health centers are direct targets of war. Moreover, the wars cause the migration of qualified health employees, and thus the health services hitches. Assessments made indicate that the effect of destruction in the infrastructure of health continues for 5-10 years even after the finalization of conflicts (3). Due to resource requirements in the restructuring investments after war, the share allocated to health has decreased (1). Mortalities and MorbiditiesThe ones who are most affected from wars are women and children. While deaths depending on direct violence affect the male population, the indirect deaths kill children, women and elders more. In Iraq between 1990-1994, infant deaths had shown this reality in its more bare form with an increase of 600% (4). The war taking five years increases the child deaths under age of 5 by 13%. Also 47% of all the refugees in the world and 50% of asylum seekers and displaced people are women and girls and 44% refugees and asylum seekers are children under the age of 18 (5).

A AB BS ST TR RA AC CT T OOb bj je ec ct ti iv ve e: : Many studies on prevention and treatment of hypertension show that some special nutrition and diets are effective on blood pressure. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the dietary applications in hypertension patients are correlated with eating disorders or not. M Ma at te er ri ia al l a an nd d M Me et th h--o od ds s: : The study was conduced in eight different centers among Family Health Centers in Sakarya. The test group consisted of 86 hypertensive patients and the control group consisted of 162 persons. Abnormal eating behaviours, inappropriate weight control methods and psychological status of the patients were assessed through three questionnaires: Eating Attitudes test-26 (EAT); Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh (BITE) and General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12). R Re es su ul lt ts s: : The characteristics of the test group and the control group were similar with regard to age, sex and height. Body mass indeks (BMI) and weight of the test group was significantly higher than the control group. Test group had higher EAT score (21.82±12.53 vs 18.85±9.65, p=0.04), BITE score (9.68±2.95 vs 8.75±3.00, p=0.02) than the control group. GHQ-12 of the test group was significantly higher than the control group (11.86±7.10 vs 10.02±6.35, p=0.04). When we compare the two groups in terms of gender, BITE scores of females in the test group were significantly higher than the females in the control group (9.92±2.9 vs 8.86±3.071, p=0.03), whereas GHQ scores of males in the test group were significantly higher than males in the the control group (11.73±7.35 vs 8.47±5.71, p=0.03). There was positive correlation between BMI and BITE scores in test group (r= 0.242 p=0.025). C Co on nc cl lu us so on n: : Eating disorders and psychiatric complications may develop among patients with hypertension. Hence, a diagnosis hypertension should lead to a heightened level of diagnostic suspicion for eating and psychiatric disorders. Bu ul lg gu ul la ar r: : Hipertansif grup ile kontrol grubu arasında yaş, cinsiyet ve boy açısından anlamlı fark yoktu. Beden kitle indeksi (BKİ) hipertansif grupta kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Hipertansif grupta YTT-12 puan ortalaması (21,82±12,53 ve 18,85±9,65, p=0,04), EBAT puan ortalaması (9,68±2,95 ve 8,75±3,00, p=0,02) ve GSS-12 puan ortalaması (11,86±7,10 ve 10,02±6,35, p=0,04) kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Cinsiyete göre her iki grup karşılaştırıldığında hipertansif grup kadın-larının ortalama EBAT puanının kontrol grubundaki kadınlara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek olduğu (9,92±2,9 ve 8,86±3,071, p=0,03), hipertansif gruptaki erkeklerin YTT-12 puan ortalamasının kontrol grubundaki erkeklere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu saptandı (11,73±7,35 ve 8,47±5,71, p=0,03). Hipertansif grupta VKİ ile EBAT puan ortalaması arasında pozitif korelasyon saptandı (r= 0,242 p=0,025). S So on nu uç ç: : Hipertansif hastalarda yeme bozuklukları ve psikiyatrik komplikasyonlar gelişebilir. Bu nedenle, hipertansi...