Defence reactions of embryonal suspensor mass (ESM), precotyledonary, cotyledonary and desiccated cotyledonary somatic embryos of Abies numidica were tested by dual cultures with Phaeolus schweinitzii. Defence reactions were expressed at a very early stage of somatic embryo development. Both ESM and early somatic embryos inhibited mycelial growth, but the strongest defence was shown by the precotyledonary somatic embryos. The cotyledonary and desiccated cotyledonary embryos also showed defence reactions but with less intensity. Eight major components of soluble proteins, already present in the ESM, increased in concentration during subsequent developmental stages. Synthesis of two low-molecular components of 6 and 3 kDa appeared in desiccated embryos. Probable regulation of defence reactions by auxins in early somatic embryos, as well as by abscisic acid content and storage proteins in subsequent developmental stages, is discussed.
In the treatment of brain cancer, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation using anti-cancer agents is a priority approach. Venom of endoparasitoid wasps also may be a candidate for the development of new therapeutic agents. In this context, endoparasitoid Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) venom may have an anti-carcinogenic effect on glioblastoma that resists traditional therapies by various mechanisms. Therefore, we aimed to investigate endoparasitoid venom cytotoxicity on glioblastoma cells. For this purpose, the cytotoxic potential of venom from P. turionellae was evaluated on rat C6 glioblastoma cell lines with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT assay). P. turionellae venom was isolated from 15±2 day-old females. Different concentrations of P. turionellae venom (176.6-1.83 μg/ml) were applied to C6 rat glioblastoma cells in vitro. Results of MTT assay showed that the viability of C6 cells in vitro significantly decreased depending on the parasitoid venom concentrations. Therefore, P. turionellae venom showed cytotoxic activity in a time-and dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, the results from this research could be used as primary data of venom cytotoxicity for the investigation of new chemotherapeutic agents against malignant tumors.
ÖzFotodinamik Terapi (FDT), kanser tedavisinde lokal olarak kullanılan ve yan etkileri minimum düzeyde olan non-invazif bir yöntemdir. FDT bileşenlerinden biri olan fotosensitizan ajan, uygun dalga boyuna sahip ışıkla birlikte kanserli hücrelerde reaktif oksijen türlerinin ve/veya singlet oksijen radikallerinin üretimini uyarır. Kullanılan ışık kaynağının ve fotosensitizan ajanın tek başına bir toksik etkisinin olmadığı bildirilmektedir. Ancak yapılan çalışmaların bir kısmında sadece laser uygulamalarının hücre dizilerinde etkilere sahip olabileceğine dair yayınlar da mevcuttur. Bu amaçla sıklıkla çalışılan hücre dizileri olan C6 glioma, Caco-2 kolon kanseri, L929 fibroblast ve prostat kanseri PC-3 hücre dizilerinde, 808 nm dalga boyuna sahip 50 J/cm 2 , 100 J/cm 2 , 150 J/cm 2 enerji yoğunluğundaki laser ışık kaynağının 24, 48 ve 72. saatlerdeki DNA sentezi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Laser uygulamasının, Caco-2 hücreleri hariç, diğer tüm hücre hatlarında 24. saatte DNA sentezini azalttığı, ancak bu etkinin diğer saatlerde kontrolden farklı olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, uygulanan laser dozuna ve hücre hattına bağlı olarak, laser uygulaması, kısa sürede, DNA sentezi üzerinde baskılayıcı etkilere sahip olabilse de, bu etkilerin diğer hücresel mekanizmalar bağlamında da araştırılması gerekmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: DNA sentezi, hücre dizileri, 808nm laser nm Laser Application and DNA Synthesis in Different Cell Lines AbstractPhotodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive method with minimal side effects in the treatment of cancer. The photosensitizing agent, one of the FDT components, stimulates the generation of reactive oxygen species and / or singlet oxygen radicals in cancer cells with light that is at appropriate wavelength. The light source and the photosensitizing agent alone are reported to have no toxic effect. However, in some of the studies, there are also reports that only laser applications can have effects on cell lines. For this purpose, effects of the 808 nm laser light source at 50 J/cm 2 , 100 J/cm 2 and 150 J/cm 2 were investigated DNA synthesis of C6 glioma, Caco-2 colon cancer, L929 fibroblast and prostate cancer PC-3 cell that are frequently studied. It was found that except for Caco-2 cells, laser application decreased DNA synthesis in all other cell lines at 24 hours, but this effect was maintained at other hours. As a result, although laser application may have effects on DNA synthesis at short time depending on the dose and cell line used, these effects should be investigated in the context of other cellular mechanisms.
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