Across the world, a huge amount of waste materials is deposited from different industrial or construction activities. Out of this massive waste quantity, a petite is recycled and remaining is dumped in vulnerable lands. This paper deals with the potential utilization of solid waste in reactive powder concrete, practically powdered glass originating from waste glass bottles and powdered ceramics tile from waste of construction process. First, the optimum ratio of waste pozzolanic material (ceramics to glass ratio) was obtained by pozzolinic activity test. Then, the optimal waste pozzolanic material was incorporated in reactive powder concrete at several substitution levels. The waste pozzolanic material in 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, and 25 % were added in the reactive powder concrete mixes as fractional supplement of silica fume. Strength and water absorption of the modified reactive powder concrete were evaluated. A significant enhancement was observed in mechanical behavior of modified reactive powder concrete containing 15 % waste pozzolanic material. Results directed irrelevant raise in water absorption as increasing the waste replacement material.
The goal of this study is to assess the opportunity of utilizing waste iron filings in altered fractions as a fine aggregate replacement to produce the reactive powder concrete. Four different fractions of waste iron filing were adopted to reactive powder concrete mixture to measure the difference, which may be achieved in the strengths of the reactive powder concrete. In order to accomplish the aim of the investigation, compressive strength, and direct tensile strength were executed to determine the effect of iron filings on the strength of reactive powder concrete. Consistent with the experimental results, it can be stated that higher fraction of waste iron filings is more effective than the other percentages in both compressive and direct tensile strength because it acquires the maximum strength properties in the shortest duration. The increasing of the compressive strength and the direct tensile strength at 28 days for 30 % of the irons filings was 30.3% and 31.8% correspondingly.
Site selection for a hospital location is one of the pivotal strategy- related decisions taken by the government. The selection of a suitable site for a hospital requires consideration of multiple alternative solutions and assessment factors. The present study aims at determine the optimum site out of three alternative sites to build a new hospital in Kerbala city. The main sustainability factors are; urban factors (including size, accessibility, restrictions, availability), environmental factors (including geomorphology, hydrology, vegetation, climate, other environmental factors) and economic factors (including service and utilities, cost) factors. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a multi criteria decision support system was adopted to find the weights of each factor and reach to select the most suitable site from three alternative sites. The results showed the site number (2) was the most sustainable site to construct the hospital project, where the alternative site records a biggest normal index of 0.419.
Decreasing the emissions of CO2 that come from vehicle exhaust, especially in car parking and tunnels, is so vital. CO2 emissions cause corrosion to a reinforcement of concrete. Thus, there is a need to provide a layer that protects the reinforcement from the reach of this harmful gas. This work goals to investigate the efficiency of using board units from Pozzolime concrete and pervious concrete to sequestrate CO2 from the environment and then to convert it into calcium carbonate inside the concrete. The units have dimensions of (200×400×40±5). All specimens were cured in a water tank after about 48 hours after casting. Then paint the sample from all surfaces (three layers) excluding the top surface. The pervious concrete and Pozzolime specimens, at age of 28 days, were put in the chamber, then the gas was supplied to the chamber with concentrations of 15%, 25%, and 50 %, for 24 hours. The efficiency was evaluated through carbonation depth, CO2-uptake, and weight change. The results showed that the maximum CO2 uptake was recorded at the age of 28 days for Pozzolime concrete when exposed to 50% of CO2 concentration.
Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is the most commonly used type, known as Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC). This type of concrete requires very low water/binder ratios to ensure that the microstructure is very dense and impermeable. Thus, it also needs special types of curing to ensure its high strength, high durability, and dimensional stability. The main target of this study is thus a comparison of different curing regimes to investigate their impacts on the mechanical performance of RPC. Three different curing regimes, Normal Curing (NC), Steam Curing (SC), and Boiling Curing (BC) were thus adopted in this study. To assess the mechanical behaviour of RPC, compressive strength, direct tensile strength, and density measures were implemented for the different curing regimes and SC and BC were compared with normal curing at various curing ages. The investigation results revealed that, among the three different curing approaches, the steam curing method most significantly enhanced the mechanical behaviour of the RPC, particularly compressive strength.
Plastic materials can now be intelligently and creatively utilised in civil engineering applications such as the creation of soil improvement materials to accomplish economic goals while diminishing the environmental impact of plastic waste. In this study, the influence of adding recycled polyethylene terephthalate granules (PET)) to the strength properties of subbase soil was investigated. The adopted fractions of waste plastic granules ranged between 2.5% and 12.5% by volume, and optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density (MDD) were measured in modified subbase soil with these various waste plastic contents. The California bearing ratio test (CBR) was then implemented for each alternative. The outcomes illustrated that the modified subbase properties were significantly enhanced by the addition of waste plastic granules and that, for best results, the optimal percentage of recycled polyethylene terephthalate granules to be added was 10% by the volume of the subbase material. The increment in the California bearing ratio value for modified subbase as compared with the subbase without waste plastic reached as high as 36%, suggesting that this method can provide a potential practical use for waste plastic as well as achieving enhancement of subbase soil layers for flexible pavement.
Reducing CO2 emissions from cement industry is vital. Portland cements manufacturing is responsible for 5 – 8 % of global greenhouse gases. Therefore, using alternative binders in concrete is necessary to reduce the environmental impact of cement. This work goals to investigate the efficiency of Pozzolime concrete in CO2 sequestration from the environment and then to convert it into calcium carbonate inside the concrete. The Pozzolime concrete was tested at the ages of 14, 28 and 56 days with two moist-curing ages; 14 and 28 days. The studied mixes were exposed to 15 and 25 % of CO2 concentration for a period of 24 hours. The efficiency was evaluated through compressive strength, carbonation depth, CO2-uptake and weight change. The results showed that higher concentration of CO2 for exposure of 24 hours caused a significantly higher carbonation depth. The maximum CO2 uptake was recorded at the age of 14 days for Pozzolime concrete, when exposed to 25% concentration of CO2.
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