Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) can generate multiple two-dimensional (2D) diffraction grids that can be used to calibrate cameras for photogrammetry. However, several factors limit the accuracy and the functionality of this technique. One of the most important is the DOE fabrication itself. A large DOE with wide 2D fan-out grids is very difficult and costly to develop. Consequently, the calibration is limited to small aperture cameras and/or limited angles. To overcome these problems, we present a low cost solution. We propose to use two large, commercially available, crossed phase DOEs that generate 15×15 equally spaced dots. As the DOEs are not perfect, the unwanted secondary diffractive orders are used as calibration targets to expand the calibration field of view. We show that the use of the primary and secondary diffractive orders provides a valuable calibration tool for wide angle aerial cameras.
We present herein a technique to calibrate fisheye lenses using cross diffractive optical elements. The setup generated a robust and accurate virtual calibration grid, and the calibration was performed by rotating the camera around two axes. We propose a comparison of three fisheye mathematical models and an evaluation of the number of images in the calibration process. The comparison of our experimental data according to the 3D calibration object results showed that our technique is efficient and reliable.
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