A rare case of typhoid presenting with thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, ascites mesenteric adenitis, and multi-drug resistance is being presented in this article. An 8-year-old girl was admitted with a history of fever, vomiting, abdominal pain and loose stools. Clinical examination revealed fever and hepatosplenomegaly. Investigations showed leucopenia, thrombocytopenia and hyponatremia. Blood Widal was positive, and blood culture grew Salmonella typhi. Ultrasound abdomen revealed ascites, hepatosplenomegaly, mesenteric lymphadenopathy and thickening of the gall bladder. She was treated with ciprofloxacin intravenously for 6 days and when the fever persisted injection ceftriaxone was added. Ciprofloxacin was given intravenously for a total of 15 days and injection ceftriaxone was given for 12 days. Even then, the fever persisted and hence oral azithromycin was added. Fever subsided completely in 3 days with azithromycin and she became asymptomatic without fever, loose stools, abdominal pain or anything on follow-up after 3 months.
Teeth eruption into the oral cavity follows a chronology. Small variations depending on endocrine, genetic and environmental factors can alter the chronology of teeth eruption. The occurrence of teeth at birth is called natal teeth and when teeth arise within 30 days of birth it is called neonatal teeth. The occurrence of natal and neonatal teeth is an uncommon anomaly. It is associated with a lot of superstition in various ethnic group. If the natal and neonatal teeth do not interfere with feeding nor are they causing any ulceration they can be left in place. Some natal and neonatal teeth cause injury to the mother on feeding and can cause tongue ulceration in the neonate. In such cases the teeth can be removed. If the natal and neonatal teeth are extremely mobile such that reattachment in unlikely and there is a danger of aspiration of the tooth, then they can be removed. We describe in this report 4 neonates with natal and neonatal teeth.
Minuman ekstrak buah-buahan dalam kemasan merupakan salah satu jenis minuman populer di kalangan masyarakat. Berbagai jenis merek minuman tersebut sudah beredar luas. Dalam berbagai promosi iklannya, minuman ekstrak buah-buahan sering diklaim mengandung antioksidan. Diperlukan metode uji antioksidan untuk melihat aktivitas antioksidan dalam minuman-minuman tersebut. Studi bersifat eksperimen in-vitro. Sampel studi adalah empat kemasan minuman ekstrak buah-buahan berbeda merek. Keempat kemasan tersebut diuji dengan metode uji antioksidan spektrofotometrik DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil), yang dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 517 nm sehingga didapatkan nilai persen free radical scavenging activity (% FRSA) sebagai nilai acuan untuk melihat aktivitas antioksidan. Analisis dilakukan secara statistik dengan uji one-way ANOVA pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis percobaan menunjukkan dua di antara keempat kemasan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai rerata % FRSA positif yaitu 73,71% dan 67,62%. Dua kemasan lainnya tidak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, yang terlihat dari nilai rerata % FRSA negatif yaitu -24,76% dan -44,57%. Hasil tersebut ternyata menunjukkan ekstrak buah-buahan dalam kemasan tidak selalu mengandung aktivitas antioksidan karena ada pengaruh berbagai zat lain di dalam kemasan tersebut. Dua dari empat kemasan minuman ekstrak buah-buahan berbeda merek memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Dua kemasan lainnya tidak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan.
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