Abstract:In this study, survival rates of pistils of seven apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) varieties at various stages from tight cluster to full bloom on trees were determined after frost that occurred on the morning at 3:00-8:00 of April 17, 2004 when the temperature dropped to -4 to -6 o C in the orchard. The survival rates of pistils of varieties ranged between 36.7 and 96.5% at tight cluster, 6.2 and 86.0 % at first pink and, 0.2 and 52.0 % at full pink stages after frost injury. 'Starkspur Golden Delicious' (18.0 %), 'Granny Smith' (33.0 %) and 'Canada Reinette' (36.7 %) were the least damaged apple varieties at various flower buds stages from tight cluster to first bloom on trees after frost. C'e düştüğü dondan sonra 7 elma (Malus x domestica Borkh.) çeşidinin açılmamış tomurcuk safhasından çiçek safhasına kadar farklı gelişme safhalarındaki çiçek tomurcuklarında dişi organların canlılık oranları belirlenmiştir. Dondan sonra dişi organlardaki canlılık oranları, açılmamış tomurcuklarda % 36.7 ve 96.5, pembe ucun göründüğü tomurcuklarda % 6.2 ve 86. 0, pembe tomurcuklarda ise % 0.2 ve 52.0 arasında değişmiştir. Açılmamış tomurcuk safhasından çiçek safhasına kadar farklı gelişme safhalarındaki çiçek tomurcuklarında 'Starkspur Golden Delicious' (% 18.0), 'Granny Smith' (% 33.0) ve 'Canada Reinette' (% 36.7) dondan sora en az zarar gören çeşitler olmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Elma, Malus x domestica borkh., ilkbahar geç donları
Effects of 6-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with auxins either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the induction of somatic embryogenesis in different cotyledon maturity stages of open-pollinated seeds of "Tombul" hazelnut cultivar were investigated. Immature cotyledon explants were collected 45 and 30 days before harvest on July 1 and July 15 respectively. Initial Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium with half-strength of macronutrients containing 1.0 mg L -1 BA, 0.5 mg L -1 NAA and 250 mg L -1 L-glutamine resulted in the highest embryogenesis (66.7%) and the highest number of somatic embryo (5.5) per cotyledon explant. The cotyledons collected 45 days before the harvest were more inductive than those collected 30 days before the harvest on embryogenesis.
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