Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal-recessive disorder of a defective melanin pathway. The condition is characterized by hypopigmentation of hair, dermis, and ocular tissue. Genetic studies have reported seven nonsyndromic OCA genes, among which Pakistani OCA families mostly segregate TYR and OCA2 gene mutations. Here in the present study, we investigate the genetic factors of eight consanguineous OCA families from Pakistan. Genetic analysis was performed through single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping (for homozygosity mapping), whole exome sequencing (for mutation identification), Sanger sequencing (for validation and segregation analysis), and quantitative PCR (qPCR) (for copy number variant [CNV] validation). Genetic mapping in one family identified a novel homozy- K E Y W O R D Sgenetic screening, homozygosity-by-descent mapping, hypopigmentation, melanin, oculocutaneous albinism, SNP genotyping, whole-exome sequencing 278
Experimental based evidence suggests that most of the medicinal plants possess wide-ranging pharmacological and biological activities that may possibly use in treatment of inflammation-related diseases. The current study was aimed to explore the acute toxicity, analgesic, sedative and antipyretic activities of Monotheca buxifolia and Bosea amherstiana in mices. In vivo experimental models were used in this study. Acute toxicity was evaluated for 24 h’ interval at concentration of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg. The analgesic activity was estimated by acetic acid induced writhing test. White wood apparatus enclosed in stainless steel was used for sedative experiment and antipyretic activity was evaluated in brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermic at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg i.p. Both plants were found safe at all tested doses. Monotheca buxifolia and Bosea amherstiana dose-dependently reduced abdominal constrictions in mice. Both plants exhibited significant (P < 0.0001) sedative effects in dose of 50, 150 and 150 mg/kg. Both plants markedly (P < 0.0001) reduced yeast induced hyperthermia. The inhibitions were dose-dependent and remained significant up to five hours of administration. These investigational results have linked a pharmacological indication for the traditional claim of the drugs to be used as an anti-inflammatory, analgesics and antipyretic agents.
Honeybee (Apis mellifera) population is going down across the globe due to honeybee pathogens. This greatly influences the bee-associated commercial food products production. Likewise, mosquitoes are prominent vector responsible for spreading life-threatening human diseases, including malaria and dengue. The plant-based insecticides are a better substitute to the recent control practices of honeybee pathogenic bacteria and mosquito. Here, we performed in vitro screening of Nepeta clarkei Hook. f. (Labiatae) aqueous extracts against three honey bee gut bacterial isolates including Paenibacillus larvae an infamous honeybee bacterial pathogen. The inhibitory zone was produced in the range of 6-14 mm diameters against three honey bee bacterial isolates. Likewise, fourth instars larvae of Culex (Diptera/Culicidae) were also subjected to check the possible larvicidal efficacy of N. clarkei. A normal media supplemented with N. clarkei in different concentrations (0.025% 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.2%) affected the growth of larvae significantly. The lethal concentration at which 50% of larvae failed to become pupate was found to be 0.1% after 24 h of exposure. Considerable reductions in larval growth and pupal development of mosquito suggested that this plant should be utilized in mosquito control programmes. ARTICLE HISTORY
The study was planned to determine the efficiency of Diaveridine and sulphaquinoxaline with and without supplementation of vitamin A and K for the treatment of Broiler coccidiosis. Birds were divided into four groups A, B, C and D containing 50 birds each. Group A served as negative control while group B, C and D were induced with infections and served as experimental groups. Birds of Group B were not treated with any anticoccidial drug therefore oocyst count per gram of faeces was more than other groups, morbidity and mortality rates were 92% and 28% respectively while weight gain was less than other groups. Group C was treated with anticoccidial drug e.g darvisul liquid, coccidial oocyst count was more than D and less than B per gram faeces, morbidity and 4% mortality rates were 16% and 4% respectively while weight gain was less than D and more than B. Group D was treated with anticoccidial drug e.g coccidak powder, coccidial oocyst count was lesser. Morbidity and mortality rates were 8% and 0% respectively while weight gain was more than group C and B. It indicated that diaveridine and sulphaquinoxaline are useful to treat the broiler coccidiosis with both vitamins than without their supplementation.
Moringa oleifera extracts have been used in herbal medicines by various communities in different parts of the world. It is a multipurpose tree with a magnificent profile of medicinal uses, high nutritional values and pharmacological activities. Various parts of this plant such as the flower, seed, immature pod, stem bark, leaf and root, possesses anti-oxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, anti-hepatotoxic, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemia, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, antiepileptic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. An attempt was made to evaluate the healing properties of the methanolic extract of different aerial parts of Ultraviolet light-B was used to induce psoriasisform changes in rats. Irradiated rats were divided into 8 groups (6 rats/groups). The first group left untreated served as a control were given normal lab feed and a second group which served as the standard was administered retinoic acid (0.5 mg/kg) orally. Group III to Group VIII were administered orally with the methanolic extracts from aerial parts of M. oleifera (200 mg/kg bw) and (400 mg/kg bw). Data collected in this study was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 16. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in epidermal thickness of control and drugs treated group. The methanolic extracts from aerial parts of M. oleifera used for treatment, enhanced fibroplasia, reduced inflammation and produced high amounts of scar tissue and enhanced the rate of wound healing and re-epithelisation compared to control. The plant extracts were effective against psoriasiform changes in rats. Though, more studies are required to assess which of its known ingredients are responsible for the antipsoriatic effects. The constituents of M. oleifera should be considered for further studies.
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