Background : Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of inflated death and illness of neonates. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of neonatal sepsis. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review intended to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa. Methods : Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that assessed the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to determine the prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was done by country, study design, and year of publication.A funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to see publication bias. Result : A total of 26 studies with 11239 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of neonatal sepsis in

Background : Neonatal hypothermia is a global health problem and a major contributing factor for neonatal morbidity, mortality, and for new-born survival, especially in low and middle-income countries. High prevalence of hypothermia has been reported from countries with the highest burden of neonatal mortality. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the prevalence of neonatal hypothermia and its associated factors in Eastern Africa.Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal hypothermia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger's regression test were used to see publication bias.Result: A total of 12 potential studies with 20,911 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in East Africa was found to be 57.22% (95%CI; 39.48-74.95).Delay in initiation of breastfeeding (AOR=2.83; 95%CI: 1.398-4.259; I 2 = 49.2%; P=0.097), having neonatal health problem (AOR=2.68; 95%CI: 1.21-4.15; I 2 = 0.0%; P=0.98), being low birth weight (AOR =2.16; 95%CI: 1.03-3.29; I 2 =3.3%; P=0.005), being preterm(AOR=4.01; 95%CI: 3.02-5.00; I 2 = 0.0%; P=0.457), and night time delivery (AOR=4.01; 95%CI:3.02-5.00; I 2 =0.0%; P=0.457) were identified associated factors which significantly increase the risk of neonatal hypothermia.Conclusions : The prevalence of neonatal hypothermia in Eastern Africa remains high. Delay in initiation of breastfeeding, having neonatal health problem, being low birth weight, preterm, and nighttime delivery were identified associated factors which significantly increase the risk of neonatal hypothermia. It is recommended that early initiation of breast feeding should be promoted and emphasis should be given towards low birth weight, preterm and neonates with neonatal problems to prevent burdens of hypothermia in East Africa. Ethiopia; References 1.Organization WH: Thermal control of the newborn: a practical guide. In.: Geneva: World Health Organization; 1993. 2.Organization WH: Thermal protection of the newborn: a practical guide. Maternal and Newborn Health. Safe motherhood unit WHO/RHT/MSM/972 1997. 3.Onalo R: Neonatal hypothermia in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. Nigerian journal of clinical practice 2013, 16(2):129-138. 4.Mullany LC, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Darmstadt GL, Tielsch JM: Neonatal hypothermia and associated risk factors among newborns of southern Nepal. BMC medicine 2010, 8(1):43. 5.Zayeri F, Kazemnejad A, Ganjali M, Babaei G, Nayeri F: Incidence and risk factors of neonatal hypothermia at referral hospitals in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 2007. 6.Mekonnen Y, Tensou B, Telake D...

Background : Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of inflated death and illness of neonates. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of neonatal sepsis. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review intended to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa. Methods : Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that assessed the prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I 2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to determine the prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was done by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Result : A total of 26 studies with 11239 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of neonatal sepsis in East Africa was 29.65% (95% CI; 23.36–35.94).Home delivery(AOR =2.67; 95% CI: 1.15-4.00; I 2 = 0.0%; P=0.996), maternal history of UTI (AOR=2.083; 95% CI :0.24-3.93; I 2 = 69.1%; P=0.001),gestational age (preterm) (AOR=1.56; 95% CI: 1.04-2.08; I 2 = 27.8%;P=0.000) ,prolonged labor (AOR=3.23 ;95% CI: -0.04-6.51; I 2 = 62.7%; P=0.020) and PROM (AOR= 1.95; 95% CI: 0.53-3.37; I 2 = 43.2%; P=0.062) were identified factors of neonatal sepsis. Conclusions : The prevalence of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa remains high. This review may help policy-makers and program officers to design neonatal sepsis preventive interventions.

Introduction

Background: Pneumonia is defined as an acute inflammation of the Lungs’ parenchymal structure. It is a major public health problem and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children especially in developing countries. In 2015, it was estimated that about 102 million cases of pneumonia occurred in under-five children, of which 0.7 million were end up with death. Different primary studies in Eastern Africa showed the burden of pneumonia. However, inconsistency among those studies was seen and no review has been conducted to report the amalgamated magnitude and associated factors. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the national prevalence and associated factors of neonatal sepsis in Eastern Africa.Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the magnitude of pneumonia and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa.Methods: Using PRISMA guideline, we systematically reviewed and meta-analyzed studies that examined the prevalence and associated factors of pneumonia from PubMed, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar. Heterogeneity across the studies was evaluated using the Q and the I2 test. A weighted inverse variance random-effects model was applied to estimate the national prevalence and the effect size of associated factors. The subgroup analysis was conducted by country, study design, and year of publication. A funnel plot and Egger’s regression test were used to see publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also done to identify the impact of studies.Result: A total of 34 studies with 87, 984 participants were used for analysis. The pooled prevalence of hypothermia in East Africa was 34% (95%CI; 23.80–44.21). Use of wood as fuel source (AOR= 1.53; 95%CI:1.30-1.77; I2= 0.0% ;P=0.465), cook food in living room (AOR= 1.47;95%CI:1.16-1.79; I2= 0.0% ;P=0.58), caring of a child on mother during cooking (AOR= 3.26; 95%CI:1.80-4.72; I2= 22.5% ;P=0.26), Being unvaccinated (AOR= 2.41; 95%CI:2.00-2.81; I2= 51.4% ;P=0.055), Child history of ARTI(AOR= 2.62; 95%CI:1.68-3.56; I2= 11.7% ;P=0.337) were identified factors of pneumonia.Conclusions: The prevalence of pneumonia in Eastern Africa remains high. This review will help policy-makers and program officers to design pneumonia preventive interventions.