The diatoms are one of the most important groups of organisms for biomonitoring studies. In Turkey, most previous applications of diatoms to water quality monitoring have focused on the pennate diatoms, with almost no attention given to the centric forms. The paper presents the centric diatoms in some river catchments in Central Anatolia (Konya closed catchment and Kızılırmak) and Western Anatolia (Marmara, Sakarya, Susurluk, Akarçay, Küçük Menderes, and Meriç-Ergene in the Marmara and Aegean regions). The survey of these catchments is based on samples collected between 2009 and 2013 from 33 different locations, including some springs from Türkmen Mountain and Domaniç forest, as well as small streams and big rivers of the Anatolian Peninsula. Altogether 30 taxa were found, of which 14 are new records for the freshwater diatom flora of Turkey.
The marine diatom Olifantiella Riaux-Gobin et Compère predominantly occurs in tropical Indo-Pacific coral reef environments. The genus has about a dozen validly published taxa and is characterized by transapically elongate striae composed of a macroareola, broad perforated girdle, and tubular buciniportula process of trumpet-shape. The valve mantle of taxa related to the generitype, O. mascarenica, have a canalshaped structure around the valve at the face / mantle junction, while those to O. gorandiana have a simple mantle or strongly narrow canal and complex buciniportula composed of hollow processes. The geographic distribution of Olifantiella is expanded in this study to include species observed in loggerhead sea turtles scrapes from the Aegean Turkish coast and samples from the Turkish Black Sea and Adriatic Sea coasts. Olifantiella has also been identified in Martinique Island, Caribbean Sea. A transfer of Navicula infirmitata is proposed due to the areola and buciniportula structure, as Olifantiella infirmitata. Further, an application of the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) to a sequential cutting of frustules allows resolution of Olifantiella mascarenica valve ultrastructure.
Diatoms are one of the key organisms used in biomonitoring studies and they occur in a wide variety of environments, exhibiting a broad range of tolerance to abiotic factors. Historically, the first freshwater diatom study in Turkey was conducted in 1844 by Ehrenberg based on the material collected from the Murat and Aras Rivers. Situated between large continents (Eurasia and Africa), Turkey comprises areas of very diverse geological, climatic and environmental conditions, so we should expect that organisms such as diatoms show high diversity in this region. The aim of this study is to present new sites of rare and new records in Turkey from different genera along with morphological and ecological characteristics. As a result, a total of 73 species (24 rare and 49 new records) are presented in this study.
Although there are many studies on the diatoms, the most important represantatives of phytobenthos, the distribution of diatom composition is still a new issue in Turkey. This study aims to investigate the distribution of benthic diatom composition in Küçük Menderes River Basin. Samples were collected from epilithon and epipelon substrates of 7 river water bodies and 3 dams (Tahtalı, Beydağı and Alaçatı) on a seasonal basis in 2014. Hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid were used to remove the organic matter from frustules and permanent slides were mounted with Naphrax solution. In total, 94 benthic diatom taxa were identified. Nitzschia palea (Kützing) W.Smith, N. inconspicua Grunow, N. umbonata (Ehrenberg) Lange-Bertalot, Craticula accomoda (Hustedt) DG Mann, C. subminuscula (Manguin) C.E.Wetzel & L.Ector and Navicula veneta Kützing were the most common taxa as an indicator of polluted waters. Achnanthidium eutrophilum (Lange-Bertalot) Lange-Bertalot, A. minutissimum var. jackii (Rabenhorst) Lange-Bertalot, Navicula simulata Manguin, N. vandamii Schoeman & Archibald, Nitzschia archibaldii Lange-Bertalot, N. desertorum Hustedt and Sellaphora saprotolerans Lange-Bertalot, Hofmann & Cantonati were the new records for Turkish diatom flora.
Coastal lakes are shallow lakes that have variable characteristics through fluctuations and marine winds. In this study, benthic diatom composition in the coastal lake of Iztuzu, Dalyan of Muğla was investigated from the material collected in 2011 and 2015. Little research has been done on coastal lakes and lagoon diatom flora in Turkey; this study contributes a total of 49 taxa identified to species level and 9 of the taxa for the first time recorded for diatom flora of Turkey. The most abundant taxa were; Cocconeis placentula Ehrenberg, Diploneis bombus (Ehrenberg) Ehrenberg, Mastogloia sp. and Chamaepinnularia alexandrowiczii Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot and Metzeltin. The results reveal a habitat-specific flora for Iztuzu Lake and give an aspect of understanding the marine-brackish distribution of diatoms in coastal lakes and lagoons. The results extend the knowledge of marine and brackish diatoms in Turkey and could provide data for similar lagoon and lakes which are under protection.
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