Intraepithelial lymphocytosis (IELosis) with or without villous abnormality is a characteristic feature of gluten sensitivity (GS) including celiac disease (CD) and non-celiac-GS, although various conditions may also be associated with IELosis. In order to distinguish GS from the other causes of IELosis, a threshold for IEL counts is necessary. We aimed to determine a cut-off value for IELs and monitor its value in the spectrum of GS in a large cohort. For this purpose, the duodenal biopsies from four groups of individuals including Types 1 (n = 88) and 3 (n = 92) CD, non-CD IELosis (n = 112), and control (n = 82) cases, all strictly defined by their clinical, laboratory, and serologic features, were evaluated. The number of IELs/100 enterocytes and their distribution pattern on H&E- and CD3-immunostained sections were assessed for each group. Kruskal-Wallis test and ROC curve analysis for discriminant value were employed for statistics. The IEL counts showed an increasing trend through the spectrum of mucosal pathology including controls (12.06; 21.40), non-CD IELosis (28.62; 39.46), Type 1 CD (49.27; 60.15), and Type 3 CD (58.53; 71.74) both on H&E- and CD3-immunostained sections, respectively (p < 0.001). ROC analysis revealed 20.5 on H&E and 28.5 on CD3 as the IEL cut-off values with a sensitivity of 95.9 and 87.7% and a specificity of 98.8% and 93.9%, respectively, for controls. IELs showed a diffuse distribution pattern per biopsy piece and per villus (90.9%, 100%, respectively) in nearly all of Type 1 CD cases (p < 0.001). An IEL cut-off value of 20.5 on H&E together with a diffuse distribution pattern seem to be the most discriminant features for the diagnosis of CD, even for the milder forms of the disease.
The aim of this study is to develop doxycycline imprinted contact lenses that will be used in the treatment of corneal neovascularization, which can eventually cause blindness. For this purpose, doxycycline imprinted contact lenses were first prepared in two different diameters, 5.7 and 5.8 mm, then they were loaded with doxycycline and their in vitro and in vivo performances were determined. In the synthesis of the contact lenses, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was used as a backbone monomer. The functional monomer was selected as itaconic acid using molecular simulations. Doxycycline release profile of the lenses was determined in NaCl solution at 37 °C. Their doxycycline release was reached about 3 µg/mg contact lenses in 6 hours. Higuchi model was fitted better than the others as a kinetic model. Swelling degrees of the contact lenses were determined as 38.8 %. Cytotoxic response of the lenses was investigated on retinal pigment epithelium cells. According to the results the lenses were not cytotoxic to RPE cell line. In vivo experiments in rat models were performed to study the treatment patterns. The rats were sacrificed fifteen days after treatment, and clinical examination under optical microscope was performed to evaluate neovascularization, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and corneal epithelial changes. In conclusion; doxycycline imprinted contact lenses promise as an effective treatment method for corneal neovascularization.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the role of preoperative 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) radiomics features and metabolic parameters of primary breast tumors in predicting hormone receptor (HR) positivity. Methods: A total of 153 patients with breast carcinoma who underwent preoperative 18 F-FDG PET/CT were included. All PET/CT images were retrospectively reevaluated. Radiomics features of primary breast lesions reflecting tumor heterogeneity as well as standardized uptake value (SUV) metrics (SUV min , SUV mean , SUV max , and SUV peak ) and volumetric parameters such as metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were extracted by commercial texture analysis software package (LIFEx; https://www.lifexsoft.org/ index.php). WEKA and SPSS were used for statistical analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine texture features predicting HR positivity. Accuracy, F-measure, precision, recall, and precision-recall curve area were used as data-mining performance criteria of texture features to predict HR positivity. Results: None of the radiomics parameters were significant in predicting HR status. Only SUV metrics and TLG were statistically important. Mean ± standard deviations for SUV mean , SUV max , and SUV peak for the HR-negative group were significantly higher than those in the HR-positive group (6.73±4.36 vs. 5.20±3.32, p=0.027; 11.55±7.42 vs. 8.63±5.23, p=0.006; and 8.37±6.81 vs. 5.72±4.86; p=0.012). Cut-off values of SUV mean , SUV max , and SUV peak for the prediction of HR positivity were 4.93, 8.35, and 6.02, respectively. Among data-mining methods, logistic regression showed the best performance with accuracy of 0.762. Conclusion: In addition to the relatively limited number of patients in this study, radiomics parameters cannot predict the HR status of primary breast cancer. SUV levels of the HR-negative group were significantly higher than those of the HR-positive group. To clarify the role of metabolic and radiomics parameters in predicting HR status in breast cancer, further studies involving a larger study population are needed.
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis associated with hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), being due to defects involving the nucleotide excision repair pathway. Patients with XP are prone to develop multiple cutaneous neoplasms including non‐melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Collision tumors in patients with XP have been reported in the literature including the following lesions, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and in situ melanoma. Herein, we present a rare collision tumor composed of melanoma and basosquamous carcinoma in a 13‐year‐old XP patient and describe the dermoscopic features.
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