Upper Mesopotamia played a key role in the Neolithic Transition in Southwest Asia through marked innovations in symbolism, technology, and diet. We present 13 ancient genomes (c. 8500 to 7500 cal BCE) from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çayönü in the Tigris basin together with bioarchaeological and material culture data. Our findings reveal that Çayönü was a genetically diverse population, carrying mixed ancestry from western and eastern Fertile Crescent, and that the community received immigrants. Our results further suggest that the community was organized along biological family lines. We document bodily interventions such as head shaping and cauterization among the individuals examined, reflecting Çayönü’s cultural ingenuity. Last, we identify Upper Mesopotamia as the likely source of eastern gene flow into Neolithic Anatolia, in line with material culture evidence. We hypothesize that Upper Mesopotamia’s cultural dynamism during the Neolithic Transition was the product not only of its fertile lands but also of its interregional demographic connections.
Upper Mesopotamia played a key role in the Neolithic Transition in Southwest Asia through marked innovations in symbolism, technology, and foodways. We present thirteen ancient genomes (c.8500-7500 calBCE) from Pre-Pottery Neolithic Çayönü in the Tigris basin together with bioarchaeological and material culture data. Our findings reveal that Çayönü was a genetically diverse population, carrying a mixed ancestry from western and eastern Fertile Crescent, and that the community received immigrants. Our results further suggest that the community was organised along biological family lines. We document bodily interventions such as head-shaping and cauterization among the individuals examined, reflecting Çayönü's cultural ingenuity. Finally, we identify Upper Mesopotamia as the likely source of eastern gene flow into Neolithic Anatolia, in line with material culture evidence. We hypothesise that Upper Mesopotamia's cultural dynamism during the Neolithic Transition was the product not only of its fertile lands but also of its interregional demographic connections.
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Nitisinone used in alkaptonuria (AKU) can result in keratopathy due to strongly increased tyrosine levels. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This study aimed to investigate nutritional status and changes in plasma tyrosine and phenylalanine and urinary homogentisic acid (u-HGA) levels in 8 adult AKU patients (mean age, 56.3 ± 4.7 years) who were on tyrosine/phenylalanine-restricted diet together with 2 mg/day nitisinone. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The treatment period was 23.4 ± 6.9 months. Daily dietary protein intake was restricted to 0.8–1.0 g/kg/day. Daily tyrosine intake was restricted to 260–450 mg/day for females and 330–550 mg/day for males. Tyrosine/phenylalanine-free amino acid supplements accounted for an average of 56.1% of daily protein intake. The following assessments were performed: anthropometric and plasma tyrosine level measurements every 2 months; ophthalmological examination every 6 months, and nutritional laboratory analyses and measurements of plasma amino acids and u-HGA once in a year. It was targeted to keep the plasma tyrosine level <500 μmol/L. The plasma tyrosine level was <100 μmol/L before the treatment in all patients and around a mean of 582.5 ± 194.8 μmol/L during the treatment. The diet was rearranged if a plasma tyrosine level of >700 μmol/L was detected. The u-HGA level before and after the 1st year of treatment was 1,429.3 ± 1,073.4 mmol/mol creatinine and 33.6 ± 9.5 mmol/mol creatinine, respectively. None of the patients developed keratopathy or experienced weight loss and protein or micronutrient deficiency. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> AKU patients should receive tyrosine/phenylalanine-restricted diet for reducing plasma tyrosine level to the safe range. Tyrosine/phenylalanine-free amino acid supplements can be safely used to enhance dietary compliance. Keratopathy and nutrient deficiency should be frequently monitored.
Giriş: Çalışmanın temel amacı görsel ve işitsel geri bildirim içeren eğitimin canlandırma uygulamalarının yeterliliği üzerine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir. Yöntemler: Araştırma Akdeniz Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Simülasyon Merkezi'nde 31 çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları anabilim dalı araştırma görevlisi ile yapılmıştır. Maket üzerine yerleştirilen algaçlar ile göğüs basısı derinliği ve sayısı iki dakikalık canlandırma süresince kayıt edilmiştir. İlk değerlendirmeden 1 hafta sonra 5 dakikalık bireysel görsel ve işitsel geri bildirim içeren uygulamalı eğitim verilmiştir. Sonrasında ilk değerlendirme yeniden yapılarak eğitimin istenilen hedeflere ulaşmadaki etkinliği araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada eğitim sonrası bası derinliğinin ortalamasında 4,44±0,9'dan 4,67±0,9'a istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmayan bir artış sağlanabilirken, ortalama göğüs basısı sayısı 123,8±20/dk'den, eğitim sonrasında ortalama 113,7±22/dk düşmüştür. Hedeflenen hızdaki bası yüzdelerinin ortalaması %27,9'dan %53,6'ya artmıştır. Sonuç: Görsel ve işitsel geri bildirimli bireysel eğitim canlandırmanın kalitesi üzerine etkilidir. Hedef hız ve derinlikteki bası oranlarında artış sağlamıştır. Eğitim sonrasında araştırma görevlileri arasında göğüs basılarının hız ve derinlikleri açısından değişkenliğin halen ciddi oranda devam ettiği görülmüştür. İdeal eğitim yönteminin tanımlanması için tekrarlayan meslek içi eğitimlerin, farklı yöntemler ile uygulanan eğitimlerin sonuçlarının karşılaştırıldığı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Temel yaşam desteği, simülasyon, göğüs basısı, kardiyopulmoner canlandırma Introduction: The primary objective of the study was to assess the effects of training including visual and auditory feedback on the adequacy of resuscitation procedures. Methods: The study was conducted with 31 research associates of the department of pediatrics at the simulation center in Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine. The depth and the number of chest compression were recorded by receptors placed on the model during the two-minute resuscitation. One week after the initial assessment, 5-minute hands-on training including individual visual and auditory feedback was provided. Afterward, the efficacy of the training in reaching the desired goals was investigated by repeating the initial assessment. Results: In the study, a statistically insignificant increase from 4.44±0.9 to 4.67±0.9 could be obtained in the mean depth of compression after the training while the mean number of chest compression decreased from 123.8±20/min to 113.7±22/min after the training. The mean percentage of compression at the targeted rate increased from 27.9% to 53.6%. Conclusion: Individual training with visual and auditory feedback is effective in improving the quality of resuscitation. It has provided an increase in the compression rates at the targeted rate and depth. After the training, it was observed that the variability among the research associates in terms of the rate and depth of chest compressions still remained significant. In order to d...
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