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This paper includes the results of the first study about the phenolic characteristics and antimicrobial analyses of Geranium ibericum subsp. jubatum species found in Turkey. In present work the phenolic contents of different parts of the G. ibericum (flower, root, leaf) were determined by HPLC-DAD and LC-MS/MS. Following phenolic compounds were investigated: catechin, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, rutin, naringenin, kaempferol. According to the results obtained, the root and flower parts of the plant are very rich in ellagic acid (3473.57 µg g-1 dry plant) and catechin (2228.76µg g-1 dry plant). Chlorogenic acid level (54.570 µg g-1 dry plant) is also high in the roots. The amount of protocatechuic acid (122.5 µg g-1 dry plant) and gallic acid (725.34 µg g-1 dry plant) is high in the leaves. In addition, the total extract of G. ibericum obtained from leaf, flower, and root were tested against six gram-negative bacteria, and Candida albicans. The G. ibericum extract was nearly as effective as commercial antibiotics at some concentrations for Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Bacillus cereus.

In this study, methanol extracts (MEs) and essential oil (EO) of Angelica purpurascens (Avé-Lall.) Gill obtained from different parts (root, stem, leaf, and seed) were evaluated in terms of antioxidant activity, total phenolics, compositions of phenolic compound, and essential oil with the methods of 2,2-azino-bis(3ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS• + ), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH•) radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the Folin–Ciocalteu, liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (LC−MS/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS), respectively. The root extract of A. purpurascens exhibited the highest ABTS• + , DPPH•, and FRAP activities (IC 50 : 0.05 ± 0.0001 mg/mL, IC 50 : 0.06 ± 0.002 mg/mL, 821.04 ± 15.96 µM TEAC (Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), respectively). Moreover, EO of A. purpurascens root displayed DPPH• scavenging activity (IC 50 : 2.95 ± 0.084 mg/mL). The root extract had the highest total phenolic content (438.75 ± 16.39 GAE (gallic acid equivalent), µg/mL)). Twenty compounds were identified by LC−MS/MS. The most abundant phenolics were ferulic acid (244.39 ± 15.64 μg/g extract), benzoic acid (138.18 ± 8.84 μg/g extract), oleuropein (78.04 ± 4.99 μg/g extract), and rutin (31.21 ± 2.00 μg/g extract) in seed, stem, root, and leaf extracts, respectively. According to the GC−MS analysis, the major components were determined as α-bisabolol (22.93%), cubebol (14.39%), α-pinene (11.63%), and α-limonene (9.41%) among 29 compounds. Consequently, the MEs and EO of A. purpurascens can be used as a natural antioxidant source.

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Bu çalışmada daha önce sentezlenen eksenel ([3-(dimetilamino) fenoksi] propanooksi) ve ([3-(dietilamino) fenoksi] propanooksi) ikameli silisyum ftalosiyaninlerin (DM-C3-Si ve DE-C3-Si) biyolojik aktivitelerinin [sığır karbonik anhidraz (bCA) inhibisyonu, antioksidan ve antibakteriyel] değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. CA inhibisyon aktivitesi, esteraz aktivitesi ile belirlendi. Antioksidan aktivite, iki yaygın yöntem olan 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH•) radikal temizleme ve demir iyon (III) indirgeme / antioksidan güç (FRAP) metotları ile belirlendi. Antibakteriyel aktivite, üç Gram-negatif ve üç Grampozitif bakteriye karşı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlendi. Sonuçlara göre, DE-C3-Si silisyum ftalosiyanin, standart CA inhibitörü sülfanilamide kıyasla 2333 nM IC50 değeriyle yaklaşık iki kat daha yüksek CA inhibitör aktivitesi gösterdi.

Chenopodium album has been used as folk medicine and nutrition for years by local people. This study aimed to investigate the phenolic compounds by Reversed Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (RP-HPLC-DAD), total phenolic content (TPC), and biological activities of the plant extracts prepared with three solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, and water) for the first time. Also, the chemical composition of essential oil and mineral content of the plant were determined by Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS), and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. The extracts of the plant were analyzed for the in vitro inhibitory activities against carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease enzymes. The most abundant compound in methanol extract was catechin (157.666 mg L -1 ). Moreover, depending on the solvent used in the extracts, varied levels of phenolic acids such as gallic, protocatechuic, p-OH benzoic, ferulic, and syringic acids were identified. Thirty-four components were identified and methyl linolenate was found to be the main constituents of the essential oil (11.28 %). The methanol extract of the plant exhibited the best antioxidant value given as TPC 65.41±5.20 µg mL -1 GAE, FRAP 113.54±1.57 µM TEAC, DPPH• 191.1±3.55 µg mL -1 SC50, and ABTS• + 74.7±1.55 µg mL -1 SC50, respectively. According to the mineral analyses, it was conducted that potassium and sodium were the most abundant minerals. The extracts were found as inactive against CA and showed a moderate urease inhibition effect (IC50: 28.380±0.742 mg mL -1 ). The obtained results indicated that the plant extract could be used as an easily available natural antioxidants source for the food and pharmaceutical industry.

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Angelica sylvestris L. var. stenoptera Avé-Lall ex Boiss. (ASS) is an endangered endemic plant to Turkey. The objective of the study was to determine antioxidant activities, total phenolics, and phytochemical properties of methanolic extracts (MEs) and essential oil (EO) from ASS for the first time with the methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH * ) radical scavenging activities, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS * + ), ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), the Folin-Ciocalteu, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The leaf extract of ASS was found to be the richest in phenolic content (543.91 � 6.33 GAE, μg/mL) and showed the highest DPPH * and FRAP activities (IC 50 : 0.1140 � 0.0011 mg/mL, 675.62 � 15.01 μM TEAC). EO of ASS root showed DPPH * and FRAP activities (IC 50 : 1.3248 � 0.0572 mg/mL, 346.67 � 12.75 μM TEAC). 19 phenolics were detected in MEs of different parts of ASS by LC/MS/MS. In the chemical composition of ASS root EO by GC/MS, globulol (70.70 %) was found to be the major compound. Our results indicate that ASS can be used a source of phytochemicals and antioxidants for conservation and sustainability of endangered plants.