The main aims of this study are to determine the factors which affect capital structure of corporations operating in energy sector and to detect capital structure theories with which capital structure of energy sector companies would comply. In this context, a panel data analysis was performed on totally 79 European energy companies operated between the years 2009 -2012. According to results of the study; diminishing leverage rate caused by increased liquidity in European energy companies can be explained with the Pecking Order Theory, while escalating leverage rate caused by increased tangible fixed assets or equity turnover would be defined with the Trade-off Theory.
Along with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system from the end of the 1970s and the increase in global integration, especially in the last fifty years, financial liberalization and globalization have accelerated. In terms of portfolio investments and foreign direct investments, foreign capital flows increased especially in emerging markets with high growth rates and relatively low-cost but skillful labor. Feldstein and Horioka (1980) basically argued that there was an internal relationship from savings to investments. This relationship, which can be explained by a series of sophisticated relations with international economics and macroeconomic processes, has been expressed as the Feldstein -Horioka Puzzle (FHP) in the literature. This study aims to investigate the long-run relationship between national savings and investments in the G8 countries (the USA,
Banks are institutions that are exposed to a wide variety of risks due to their structures. Banks may employ different risk management techniques to eliminate the related risks. The results of the utilized risk management techniques are reflected in their balance sheets and income statements. In this study, the impacts of risk management techniques of banks operating in Turkey on bank performance are tried to be investigated using the monthly data over the period January 2018 - December 2020. The analysis results, in which the Johansen cointegration and error correction models are employed, reveal that banking risk management techniques have negative impacts on bank performance in the long-run.
Bu çalışmada Bosna'da toprak meselesi konusu, Duşan Kanunnamesi'nden, II. Meşrutiyet'e kadar geçen zaman dilimi içinde ele alınmıştır. 1463 yılında Bosna'nın Osmanlı İmparatorluğu tarafından fethi sonucunda Osmanlı Arazi Rejiminin bölgede başarılı bir şekilde uygulandığı görülmektedir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Bosna'da devlet geleneği çerçevesinde, Duşan Kanunnamesi ile düzenlenen eski arazi rejimini korumuştur. 16. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, mahalli yöneticilerin, reayaya üzerindeki baskısını arttırması ve arazilerin büyük toprak sahiplerinin eline geçmesiyle tepkiler büyüyerek isyanlara yol açmıştır. Böylece başlayan toprak sistemindeki bozulma süreci, II. Meşrutiyet ile Bosna'nın Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu tarafından ilhakına kadar devam etmiştir. II. Meşrutiyet ile birlikte Bosna Hersek'in Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu tarafından ilhak edilmesiyle Türkler'in Balkanlar'daki hâkimiyet süreci de yavaş yavaş sona ermeye başlamıştır.
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