Purpose: To assess the magnitude severity and determinants of eyestrain and the use of digital devices in a Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.Methods: This web-based survey was conducted in September 2020 and enrolled only Saudi nationals 15 years or older. Data were collected on demographics, eye strain related symptoms, severity, and the use of optical aids during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency and severity of eye strain were calculated. A Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) score was graded as none/ mild moderate and severe, based on the sum of 15-eye strain related signs and symptoms. Correlation analysis was performed for determinants of CVS.Results: The study sample was comprised of 2,009 individuals with median age of 20 years. Among those who used digital devices for more than 6 hours daily, the main reasons for use were, work and social purposes among 68.4%, and 61% of respondents respectively. The prevalence of knowledge on CVS and the '20-20 rule for using digital devices' was 9.4% and 6.9 respectively. The most common symptoms of eye strain from digital device usage were, headache, burning, itching, tearing, and redness of eyes. Six hours of daily usage of digital devices was positively associated to the grade of eye strain severity during the COVID-19 lockdown (P<0.05)). Conclusion:The Saudi population experienced eye strain during COVID-19 lockdown due to excessive digital devices usage. Longer duration of digital device usage was associated to eye strain. Health care providers should educate the general population on measures to mitigate eye strain due to digital devices.

Leukemia is a malignant hematologic neoplastic disease in which acquired mutations and genetic abnormalities in early hematopoietic precursors cause rapid proliferation of white blood cells (WBC). Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a subtype of leukemia, is a rare form of cancer that typically manifests in adulthood. Symptoms typically arise due to abnormal proliferation of WBC. Ocular manifestations of such malignancies are rare and they occur more commonly in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) rather than AML. Furthermore, ophthalmic involvement usually is either a sign of central nervous system involvement or disease relapse. In this article, we report the case of a 14-year-old girl who presented initially with double vision and right eye squint. The patient was later diagnosed with AML with leptomeningeal involvement.

Purpose: To assess the magnitude severity and determinants of eyestrain and the use of digital devices in a Saudi population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Methods: This web-based survey was conducted in September 2020 and enrolled only Saudi nationals 15 years or older. Data were collected on demographics, eye strain related symptoms, severity, and the use of optical aids during the COVID-19 lockdown. The frequency and severity of eye strain were calculated. A Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) score was graded as none/ mild moderate and severe, based on the sum of 15-eye strain related signs and symptoms. Correlation analysis was performed for determinants of CVS.Results: The study sample was comprised of 2,009 individuals with median age of 20 years. Among those who used digital devices for more than 6 hours daily, the main reasons for use were, work and social purposes among 68.4%, and 61% of respondents respectively. The prevalence of knowledge on CVS and the ‘20-20 rule for using digital devices’ was 9.4% and 6.9 respectively. The most common symptoms of eye strain from digital device usage were, headache, burning, itching, tearing, and redness of eyes. Six hours of daily usage of digital devices was positively associated to the grade of eye strain severity during the COVID-19 lockdown (P<0.05)).Conclusion: The Saudi population experienced eye strain during COVID-19 lockdown due to excessive digital devices usage. Longer duration of digital device usage was associated to eye strain. Health care providers should educate the general population on measures to mitigate eye strain due to digital devices.

Introduction keratoconus is a common disease in the general population, with prevalence ranging up to 200 per 100 000 with a reported increase in Saudi Arabia. Collagen Cross-Linkage is now an established treatment in isolation and in conjunction with other modalities for managing keratoconus. Our aim is to evaluate using a cohort study the impact of the treatment over a course of 18 months. Methods To evaluate the impact of 18 months after collagen cross-linkage treatment and its determinants in eyes with keratoconus in Western Saudi Arabia. A one-armed prospective cohort study design on 45 patients with Stage I, II, III and IV keratoconus who were treated by Collagen Cross-Linkage modality was developed at our institute between 2018 and 2019 to establish the success rate of corneal ectasia stabilization of the disease. Results Demographic data and grades of keratoconus (Amsler - Krumiech classification) at presentation were correlated to changes in corneal parameters 18 months after CXL compared to that at presentation. Stage I, II, III and IV keratoconus were 13, 14, 2 and 16 eyes respectively. The study showed that the K max significantly declined (P = 0.05) while spherical equivalent refractive status changed from median −1.5D to −2.27D (P = 0.002). Meanwhile, Central corneal thickness significantly reduced (P = 0.001). Conclusion CXL can prove to be efficient in the treatment of Keratoconus and more studies should study ways to improve and implement this treatment plan to such patients.