Blood calcium level can be controlled by the action of parathyroid gland on the bone via parathyroid hormone that responsible for bone mineralization. The study aimed to demonstrate the developmental histological structure of parathyroid gland and bone from one day after birth to twenty-four month. Forty-five male Guinea pigs, immature and mature were used for this study. Samples were taken from parathyroid gland and bone and processed for histological examination. Parathyroid gland formed of fibrous capsule and fine septa extending to cellular parenchyma which contained both chief and oxyphil cells. From age of 1 day to 17 month, only chief cells with no differentiation were present in parathyroid gland. Chief cells cytoplasm might be granular, vacuolated, or empty according to secretory activity of cells. At 18 month, oxyphil cells started to appear however, chief cells were differentiated into dark and light cells at 24 months. Compact bone was characterized by regular bone lamellae around vascular Haversian vessels that penetrated the bone instead of Haversian canals in Guinea pig. At early life, bone was not completely ossified forming from hyaline cartilage and spongy bone. Vertebrae were completely ossified at 4 month of age and consisted of spongy bone. At 2 weeks and 1 month, femur and ribs were completely ossified consisting of compact bone.
Parathyroid gland had a great importance in keeping of bone mineralization via the action of parathyroid hormone in maintaining the balance of serum calcium level. This study aimed to demonstrate the developmental histological structure of parathyroid gland and bone during prenatal life. The current study was done on twenty-nine Guinea pig embryos. Samples were collected from parathyroid gland and bone of different ages. The parathyroid gland of twentyfive embryonic days (ED) was originated from third pharyngeal pouch as endodermal thickening from the wall of pouch then at 27 ED appeared as a few polyhedral cells. At 30 ED, parathyroid gland appeared as single pair small condensation of cells close to trachea, thyroid gland, and thymus. At 65 ED, the cells of parathyroid gland showed different cytoplasmic changes according to hormone secretion. At early prenatal stage, femur and vertebrae composed of both cartilage and bone. At 65 ED, femur became formed of spongy bone. While ribs were consisted of hyaline cartilage only at the early prenatal stage, then became ossified at late prenatal stage, 65 ED. Bone Development Hyaline cartilage Parathyroid gland
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