The mechanism of the solvent extraction of cytochrome c (Cyt c) via reverse micelle formation was studied from an electrochemical point of view. Potentiometric measurements showed that the Galvani potential difference of the oil/water (O/W) interface played a crucial role in the spontaneous extraction of Cyt c with bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT). However, the dependence of the extraction efficiency on the concentration of an aqueous electrolyte (KCl) could be explained not by the effect of the interfacial potential, but by the change in the interfacial tension (g). Electrocapillary measurements showed that the adsorption of AOT anions to the O/W interface resulted in a significant decrease of g in a higher potential range, where reverse micelles were formed. The bottom level of g in the higher potential range was increased with [KCl]. The lower extraction efficiency for higher [KCl]'s was elucidated by a "size exclusion effect". This was also supported by water-content measurements by the Karl Fisher method.

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We conducted a case study to assess 1) physical and mental changes; 2) self-assessments of symptoms; 3) coping strategies; and 4) adaptation to physical and mental changes by semi-structured interview survey among Vietnamese female migrant workers working in Japan under the technical intern training Program. We found they experienced female-specific physical changes, and some interns' symptoms worsened because they did not consult anyone about their symptoms. We propose increasing opportunities to learn about possible physical and mental changes caused by migration and to improve health literacy, including prevention, coping, help-seeking, and consultations about health concerns among female technical interns.The International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated that there were 164 million migrant workers worldwide and female migrant workers accounted for 41.6% in 2017 (ILO, 2018). Female migrant workers are making crucial contributions to destination countries as well as in their countries of origin (ILO, 2019).Migrants often face challenges regarding health conditions and rights of access to adequate medical-healthcare services (Nørredam, 2015;Simich et al., 2007). Furthermore, female migrants encounter reproductive health concerns and underserved conditions in addition to general health challenges (Barkensjö et al., 2018;Schmied et al., 2017). To deal with such global challenges, the member states of World Health Organization (WHO) agreed on a global action plan to promote the health of refugees and migrants in 2019 (World Health Organization, 2019).The Japanese government established the Technical Intern Training Program (TITP) to provide an opportunity for people from 14 Asian

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