Fusarium is one of the most dangerous fungal diseases that cause great loss of the sesame yield worldwide. The present work aimed to improve tolerance and/or resistance to Fusarium through two cycles of pedigree selection on sesame population for eight selection criteria started in the F 3 -generation. Genotypic coefficient of variability in the F 3 varied from 4.34% for days to 50% flowering to 38.15% for seed yield (SY/P). Days to 50% flowering showed negative correlations with all traits except height to first capsule (HFC). Height to first capsule was negatively correlated with length of fruiting zone (LFZ), 1000-SW, oil% and infection%, and positively correlated with capsules/plant (NC/P) and SY/P. Single trait selection was an efficient method to improve selection criterion, but it caused adverse effects on some correlated traits. Selection for days to 50% flowering improved earliness, but it was better in improving yield if the selection was restricted by SY/P. Selection for oil% restricted by yield was better in improving yield than selection for oil% per se. Therefore, the inclusion of a trait as independent culling level improved the efficiency of selection. The best genetic gain in SY/P in percentage from the mid-parent was obtained from selection for days to 50% flowering restricted by SY/P (35.56 ** ), LFZ restricted by HFC (19.53 ** ), days to 50% flowering (19.32 ** ), oil% restricted by SY/P (19.02 ** ), SY/P (17.38 ** ), 1000 SW (14.09 ** ) and LFZ (14.032 ** ). Therefore, selection index incorporating favorable trait is recommended.
Cholesterol Cholesterol and basal diet constituents were obtained from El-Gomhoria Company for Trade of Drugs, Chemicals and Medical Equipments, Cairo, Egypt. Methods Basal diet: The basal diet was prepared of the following: Protein (10%), corn oil (10%), vitamin mixture (1%), mineral mixture (4%), choline chloride (0.2%), methionine (0.3%), cellulose (5%), and the remained is corn starch (69.5%) according to Campbell (1963). While the salt mixture was formulated according to Hegested et al., (1941). Cholesterol containing diet was prepared by adding 1% cholesterol to the basal diet for 3 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia. Experimental Design: Fifty male albino rats were housed in healthy condition (21-23ºC) and fed on basal diet for one week before starting the experiment for acclimatization , after this, rats were divided into two main groups, the first main group (5 rats) fed on basal diet as a negative control (ve-) and the other main group (45 rats) was fed on 1% cholesterol+ 0.02 salts for 3 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia, then classified into nine sub groups as follow: Group (2): Positive control group (untreated group) Group (3): Treated with 5% milled Apricot Peels (AP).
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