Silver bismuth iodide (Ag−Bi−I) light absorbers are interesting candidates as lead-free and low-toxic metal-halide materials for solar cell applications. In this work, the partial exchange of bismuth, Bi, with antimony, Sb, is investigated in samples prepared from a solution targeting stoichiometry AgBi 2 I 7 . Samples with a gradually increased exchange of Bi by Sb are prepared and light absorption measurements show that the absorption edge is gradually blueshifted with increasing the amount of Sb. This trend in the shift in combination with the X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, suggest that new materials with a mixture of Sb and Bi are formed. The density functional theory based electronic structure calculations reproduce the trend observed in the experiments when including spin−orbit coupling, which indicates the importance of relativistic effects in these materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to characterize the materials, and confirms the exchange of Bi to Sb in the samples. When Sb is included in the material, the grain size changes between 50 and 200 nm and the solar cell performance also changes. An optimal power conversion efficiency with excellent reproducibility and stability is obtained for a solar cell with the ratio of Sb/Bi equal to 3.
In this work, silver−bismuth−halide thin films, exhibiting low toxicity and good stability, were explored systemically by gradually substituting iodide, I, with bromide, Br, in the AgBi 2 I 7 system. It was found that the optical bandgap can be tuned by varying the I/Br ratio. Moreover, the film quality was improved when introducing a small amount of Br. The solar cell was demonstrated to be more stable at ambient conditions and most efficient when incorporating 10% Br, as a result of decreased recombination originating from the increased grain size. Thus, replacing a small amount of I with Br was beneficial for photovoltaic performance.
Lead‐free double perovskites, A2M+M′3+X6, are considered as promising alternatives to lead‐halide perovskites, in optoelectronics applications. Although iodide (I) and bromide (Br) mixing is a versatile tool for bandgap tuning in lead perovskites, similar mixed I/Br double perovskite films have not been reported in double perovskites, which may be due to the large activation energy for ion migration. In this work, mixed Br/I double perovskites were realized utilizing an anion exchange method starting from Cs2AgBiBr6 solid thin‐films with large grain‐size. The optical and structural properties were studied experimentally and theoretically. Importantly, the halide exchange mechanism was investigated. Hydroiodic acid was the key factor to facilitate the halide exchange reaction, through a dissolution–recrystallization process. In addition, the common organic iodide salts could successfully perform halide‐exchange while retaining high mixed‐halide phase stability and strong light absorption capability.
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